The insurance business plays a quite significant role in people's lives, but in the process of claim settlement, there are still various frauds such that the insurance companies' refusal to compensate or customers' malicious fraud to obtain compensation. Therefore, it is very important to ensure fair and just claims. In this paper, by combining the blockchain technology and the ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption system, we build a scheme for secure storage and update for insurance records under the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) storage environment in the insurance system. In this scheme, we use the fog node to outsource encryption of insurance records to improve the efficiency of the staff; In addition, we store encrypted insurance records on IPFS to ensure the security of the storage platform and avoid the single point failure of the centralized mechanism. In addition, we use the immutability of the blockchain to achieve the non-repudiation of both insurance companies and the client. The security proof shows that the proposed scheme can achieve selective security against selected keyword attacks. Our scheme is efficient and feasible under performance analysis and real data set experiments.
In cognitive wireless networks, multi-node cooperative spectrum sensing can effectively improve the accuracy of spectrum sensing, but there is a non-linear relationship between the number of nodes and sensing accuracy. Nodes with low reliability participate in cooperative sensing, which is not conducive to the improvement of sensing accuracy, and reduces the energy efficiency of spectrum sensing, which poses challenges to the normal operation of cognitive wireless networks. In order to improve energy efficiency and sensing performance, this paper proposes the node evaluation and scheduling (NES) algorithm and the Secure Spectrum Sensing based on Blockchain (SSSB) algorithm, which can evaluate the reliability of sensing nodes in real time, and obtain the trust value of the node. The nodes information is stored in the management center of blockchain. Blockchain encrypts nodes information to ensure that a node corresponds to its own trust value without confusion. Fusion Center of cognitive wireless networks select good performance nodes to participate in cooperative spectrum sensing. Which can reduce energy consumption while improving the sensing performance. The simulation experiment results show that the new algorithm in this paper is far superior to the traditional algorithm. Under the same other conditions, the detection probability is increased by 5%, and the energy consumption is reduced by 10%, and the safety index has also been greatly improved.
Distributed energy trading has become an essential part of the energy trading market and provides a useful supplement to traditional centralized energy trading, but there are still problems such as opaque trading information and asymmetric user data. The blockchain technology has the advantages of traceability, trade openness, and data transparency, which is naturally suitable for distributed energy transactions. The electricity information data transmission represented by distributed energy transaction has the characteristics of real-time, which has a high-efficiency requirement on the selected blockchain technology. The consensus algorithm is the core of blockchain technology and affects the efficiency of the blockchain system. The efficiency of the existing consensus algorithms for energy transaction-oriented blockchain still needs to be improved. In this paper, a consensus resource slicing model(CRSM) is designed to meet the requirements of consensus efficiency in energy trading scenarios. Specifically, CRSM divides consensus nodes into different consensus domains for concurrent consensus, and the storage domain only stores block information without consensus. By building an experimental platform, the efficiency of CRSM was verified, the communication pressure of the blockchain system was reduced, and the consensus speed was effectively improved.
Um Kryptowährungen enstand in den letzten Jahren ein enormer Hype. Das kann unter anderem auch an den zahlreichen Lehrveranstaltungen unserer Universität beobachtet werden, die innerhalb kurzer Zeit aufgekommen sind. Im Zuge dieser Hype-Phase entsprang eine schier unübersichtliche Anzahl an Projekten im Kryptowährungs-Umfeld, und jede einzelne davon mit scheinbar vielversprechenderen Funktionalitäten als die zuvorgekommenden. Wir wollen mit dieser Arbeit zumindest wieder ein wenig Ordnung in diesen Bereich bringen. Dafür vergleichen wir die wichtigsten Plattformen auf einer technischen Ebene, und analysieren welche der Versprechungen sie wirklich halten können. Unsere Erfahrung zeigt, dass derzeit besonders Plattformen mit Unterstützung für “Smart Contracts” besonders beliebt sind. Das ist auch nicht wirklich verwunderlich, da diese neue Möglichkeiten zu Interaktionen innerhalb der Blockchains bieten. Ein weiterer Trend in der Blockchain-Forschung beschäftigt sich mit der Frage nach nachhaltigen Lösungen, um die bestehenden Probleme der Skalierung von Blockchains, die mit anderen Technologien verglichen nur einen äußerst geringen Durchsatz an Transaktionen schaffen, in den Griff zu bekommen. Dazu werden wir in dieser Arbeit einige Vorschläge besprechen. Einer davon stellt sogar die Struktur von Blockchains an sich in Frage. Diese stelle einen Engpass dar und daher sollte statt einer Kette (Chain) besser ein gerichteter Graphen ohne Zyklus (Directed acyclic graph, DAG) verwendet werden. Dieser hat zwar bessere Eigenschaften in Bezug auf die Skalierbarkeit, hat stattdessen aber den Nachteil, dass “Smart Contracts” auf solchen Strukturen nur schwer zu implementieren sind.In dieser Arbeit versuchen wir dennoch beide dieser Ansätze “Blockchain 2.0”, also “Smart Contracts” und “Blockchain 3.0”, wie Kryptowährungen basierend auf einer DAG-Struktur manchmal genannt werden unter einen Hut zu bringen. Solch eine Verbindung könnte man dann als “Blockchain 5.0” bezeichnen.
Syftet med studien var att undersöka konsumenters kunskap kring och inställning till bitcoin som betalningsmedel. För att uppnå syftet konstruerades forskningsfrågan: ” Vilka faktorer påverkar acceptansen av bitcoin hos svenska konsumenter?”.För att besvara forskningsfrågan genomfördes en kvantitativ enkätundersökning med en grupp respondenter begränsad till åldersspannet 20 till 50 år. 100 personer tillfrågades varav 76 valde att delta. Frågorna i denna enkätundersökning baserades på befintlig teori och forskning kring ämnet, vilken också ligger till grund för analysen av resultatet. En regressionsanalys genomfördes på resultatets utfall, vilken påvisade en signifikant korrelation mellan svenska konsumenters acceptans av bitcoin och sysselsättning. Svårigheten låg i att hitta förklaringar till detta utfall och de potentiella sådana som diskuterats är rent spekulativa. Detta trots att resultatet styrkts av befintliga teorier. Det är därför upp till framtida forskare att svara på VARFÖR sysselsättning påverkar svenska konsumenters acceptans av bitcoin med hjälp av de riktlinjer som presenteras i uppsatsens slutsats.
The purpouse of this paper is analyse if the called bitcoin can be defined as currency.Therefore, \nfirst is analysed the bitcoin tecnology, specially its structuring from the encryption development \nby blockchain. The main characteristics of this technological structure are studied, wich allowed \nits fast diffusion, with the sufficient confidence and security in the transactions, at low cost, \nwithout the intervention of third parties, be it the State or the banking system.Later, the study \nturns to the concept of money, from the economic point of view, under the focus of the main \ntheories developed. At this point, a special analysis is made from the studies of the Austrian \nschool of economics, especially by Luwig von Mises and his regression theorem, developed to \nexplain the origin of the currency. Once these parameters have been established, bitcoin attributes are analyzed, having this paper concluded that its volatility and lack of liquidity prevent, \nfor the moment, its characterization as currency. It should be noted that this paper serves as a \nstarting point for future work on the legal effects of bitcoin, in particular in criminal law. However, it is necessary to define the nature of bitcoin.
The article describes the current topic of cryptocurrencies, in particular Bitcoin Cash. We will discuss the history of the emergence of this cryptocurrency, its advantages, the specifics of mining, its differences from ordinary bitcoin. We will also touch upon the options for storing currency.
Blockchain is usually associated with cryptocurrencies. However, as a distributed ledger technology, it can have many other applications. For example, blockchain can bring changes to how the art market operates. It can be utilised for many types of digital transactions, including collection, authentication, tracking of provenance, and sharing ownership of artworks. \nThis main purpose of this thesis is to provide perspectives on how and in what areas blockchain could be used to change the art market. It also examines how this technology may shift the balance of powers in the art market. The thesis further explores opportunities and challenges when using blockchain technology in the art market. \nThe thesis utilises a narrative thematic literature research methodology and includes a qualitative analysis of blockchain technology. Due to the nature and novelty of this technology, the reviewed literature covers a different range of disciplines, in which blockchain can be utilised. The findings were extrapolated to the use of blockchain technology in the art market. \nThe results demonstrate that blockchain can increase the speed, transparency, and volume of art sales worldwide and democratise the sector so that artists, collectors, and spectators can benefit from this technology. A blockchain platform can coexist with other traditional applications. However, before implementing this technology, we may need to overcome technological, governance, organisational, and societal barriers.
With the development of blockchain technology, participants need to have huge storage volumes to deal with the growing blockchain ledger size over time. This requirement leads to the conditional participation and verification of participants, thus weakening the decentralization of a blockchain system. Several compression schemes have been proposed to mitigate this storage problem by compressing a blockchain ledger based on redundancy, modular functions, and hash functions. However, these schemes have the limitation of accumulating the compression results to validate the retained blocks. The accumulation gradually reduces the storage volume for the blockchain ledger within the storage volume of nodes with limited resources, thus reducing the verification capability of the nodes. In this paper, a selective compression scheme using a checkpoint-chain is proposed to prevent the accumulation of compression results. The checkpoint-chain is a second blockchain that stores the checkpoints compressing existing blocks through a block Merkle tree. An update process is also proposed to prevent the accumulation of checkpoints by combining them. As numerous blocks can be verified with only a few updated checkpoints, blockchain nodes with limited resources can reduce the storage volume for the blockchain ledger and achieve high verification capabilities. Finally, compared with the existing compression schemes, the proposed scheme can achieve an average reduction in the storage overhead and an average increase in the verification capability of 76.02% and 13.90%, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding performance improvements are 86.14% and 15.44% when the update process is performed, respectively.
In recent years, food safety problems have become increasingly serious. The traditional supply chain traceability solution faces some serious problems, such as centralization, data tampering, and high communication costs.... | Find, read and cite all the research you need on Tech Science Press
Abstract: Transformation of industrial districts has attracted much attention for long. The Ruhr area in Germany, which used to be a pillar of the industrial economy in the past and is a robust cultural and economic region now, is always a typical case. Based on field visits and semi-structured interviews, this paper takes Zeche Zollverein in Ruhr as an example, trying to find out how multiple agents take part in and cooperate with each other during its transformation and to summarize its mechanism of multi-agent governance. It is found that during the transformation in Zeche Zollverein, administrative, social and market powers actively participate and interact in the protection and development of industrial culture, financing and investment, renovation of buildings and environment, daily operation and management as well as social life and space activation. In the framework of multi-agent cooperation in Zeche Zollverein, different levels of governments combine top-down management and moderate decentralization, acting as a backbone; the public are important elements in the activation of social life while social organizations share public affairs with governments and citizens enjoy participating in public activities; market economies form a virtuous circle between their self-development and the regional transformation. From single subject controlling to multi-agent cooperation, the transformation of governance framework in Zeche Zollverein is a remarkable enlightenment for industrial districts in China. Under the realistic conditions of our country with Chinese characteristics, governments tend to be responsible for every stuff in cities and get overburdened. Learning from Zeche Zollverein, they can try to break away from the idea of "all-around arrangement", and to cooperate more with and release some functions to the society and the market, attracting them to locate in the district and develop themselves on their own initiatives, so as to promote regional transformation jointly.
Introduction. The urgency of the problem of decentralization of power in Ukraine is caused by a number of legal, political and economic problems that need to be solved in the state in the current difficult conditions of its development. The heated discussions on changes to the legislation of Ukraine, including its Basic Law – the Constitution of Ukraine, primarily relate to the redistribution of powers between state authorities and local self-government bodies, determination and consolidation in the legislation of the optimal model of organization of power in Ukraine on the basis of its decentralization. The aim of the article. To analyze actual legal and theoretical problems of financial activity of local self-government bodies in the conditions of decentralization of power in Ukraine. Results. The article is devoted to the analysis of current legal and theoretical problems related to the process of decentralization of power in Ukraine. The peculiarities of legal regulation of financial activity of local self-government bodies, in particular the budgetary sphere, under conditions of decentralization of power are considered. The scientific analysis of some theoretical issues is carried out, the solution of which is connected with the improvement of the legislation of Ukraine, which regulates the specified sphere of relations. At the present stage, the legal regulation of the financial activity of local governments largely determines the effectiveness of their activity as a whole and the efficiency of the process of decentralization of power in Ukraine. And it must solve one of the main tasks – to ensure the optimal combination of the realization of the interests of the population of a particular territory and national interests. Decentralization of power, creation of united territorial communities relied on strengthening the financial base of local governments during 2014–2018. Therefore, it is extremely dangerous to reduce local budgets subsidies for 2020, as this will hinder budgetary decentralization in Ukraine. The process of budgetary decentralization should include the liberalization and improvement of intergovernmental budgetary relations, taking into account the quantitative and qualitative indicators of the respective territory. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the terms “region” and “regional self-government”. Conclusions. Considering the term “region” as a complex structural entity, regional self-government can be considered as self-organization of citizens within a specific territorial sociality, economic structure with its characteristic functions. Equally important is ensuring a change in fiscal discipline in the context of strengthening the financial framework of local self-government in the process of decentralization of power. In today's context, the social focus of local budgets is also of particular importance. The role of reserve funds, which must necessarily be formed at the local level, to finance unforeseen measures, which must be secured at the legislative level, is growing.
With the volume of activities associated with trading, it has become a very tedious task. The advent of the algorithmic trading has brought with it some positive change such as reduced latency and increase in liquidity in the Financial Market. The Algorithmic Trading also came with some high demands for the technological know-how and the resources to run it. This has put the retail trader in a seemingly disadvantaged position as these algo-programs are carefully guided secrets by those that have access to it. Crypto-currency can no longer be ignored as the concept is forming the bedrock for future transactions. Although highly publicized, the concept of these smart contracts is not really known. Looking into the future where the cryptocurrencies dominates over the traditional currencies, it has become imperative to give the individual trader/ retailer an additional tool to demystify the “black-Box” of the trading crypto-pairs with algorithmic trading strategy. The techniques employed are: Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), Moving Average (MA), Cumulative Moving Average (CMA), and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). The models performance will be measured via correlation, Mean Percentage Error (MPE), Percentage Error (MAPE), Mean Square Error (RMSE) standard deviation and Sharpe ratio (for the trading models).
Crypto-assets are private, convertible, digital tokens that are managed in a decentralized way using technology called distributed ledger technology (DLT). The term is not limited only to decentralized virtual currencies, but also commodities, digital goods and services. As such they can be considered an addition to a financial investment portfolio, being an alternative to traditional instruments, such as stocks, bonds or cash. However, wide use of crypto-assets is being currently hampered by lack of regulations followed by uncertainties as to the legal qualification of crypto-assets and consequences of investments in such instruments. From that perspective, it seems crucial to answer a question whether crypto-assets can be considered financial instruments in the light of the current Directive on Markets in Financial Instruments (so called MiFID II) at the EU level and national acts that implemented relevant provisions of MiFID II (in Poland it is the Act on Trading in Financial Instruments). Since neither the EU nor Polish legislator provided a clear answer to that question, some indications can be found only in official statements of regulatory authorities and the doctrine, which however are not always consistent with each other. Furthermore, the Member States used different legislative techniques in the process of implementing MiFID II so the nomenclature can differ. The article discusses the diverse approaches to crypto-assets in the interpretation of the EU and Polish legislation concerning financial instruments as well as implications of such differences.
Sharing medical data with numerous stakeholders for varied purposes is a perplexing problem facing healthcare systems throughout the world. All this needs to be done, whilst ensuring patient and health data privacy and data integrity. Through this paper, an attempt has been made to present a novel distributed digital health record management system. The blockchain framework has been built using the tools provided by hyper ledger, an open source project. This system empowers patients with a comprehensive, secure, immutable, and easily accessible digital record of their health. Also, this information is available across multiple practitioners and healthcare providers throughout the world. This system can therefore empower the emergence of health data economics, empowering researchers with the health data and giving patients an opportunity to share their health data without losing anonymity. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a prototype of a health data management system utilising blockchain.