D. Doreen Hephzibah Miriam, Deepak Dahiya, Nitin Nitin, C. R. Rene Robin
Blockchain technology is critical in cyber security. The most recent cryptographic strategies may be hacked as efforts are made to build massive electronic circuits. Because of the ethical and legal implications of a patient’s medical data, cyber security is a critical and challenging problem in healthcare. The image secrecy is highly vulnerable to various types of attacks. As a result, designing a cyber security model for healthcare applications necessitates extra caution in terms of data protection. To resolve this issue, this paper proposes a Lionized Golden Eagle based Homomorphic Elapid Security (LGE-HES) algorithm for the cybersecurity of blockchain in healthcare networks. The blockchain algorithm preserves the security of the medical image by performing hash function. The execution of this research is carried out by MATLAB software. The suggested framework was tested utilizing Computed Tumor (CT) pictures and MRI image datasets, and the simulation results revealed the proposed model’s profound implications. During the simulation, 94.9% of malicious communications were recognized and identified effectively, according to the total outcomes statistics. The suggested model’s performance is also compared to that of standard approaches in terms of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Mean Square Error (MSE), time complexity, and other factors.
In traditional Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystems, fog devices transmit data from sensors to a centralized cloud server. Issues with security and upkeep while updating firmware for millions of smart devices, single points of failure, as well as third-party Cloud server administration, the difficulty of frequently updating the firmware on millions of smart devices presents security and maintenance issues as well as a bottleneck in information flows, all raise privacy concerns. Blockchain technology eliminates the need for trusted third parties while also preventing single points of failure and other issues. As a result, academics are looking into the usage of blockchain in the IoT space. The most recent state-of-the-art developments in blockchain for IoT, blockchain for Cloud, blockchain for eHealth, smart cities, transportation, and other programmes are examined in this article.
By the development and advancement of blockchain technique, Internet of Things (IoT) proliferation driven devices and the application of blockchain-enabled IoT alter the view and operating infrastructure of the smart networks. The blockchain is responsible for supporting decentralized systems and offers secured means of authentication, management, and access to IoT system thereby deploying smart contracts offered by Ethereum. The increasing demand and the blockchain expansion generate huge volume of sensitive data. The growing demand and expansion of blockchain-IoT systems is generating large volume of sensitive data. Furthermore, distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks are regarded as the most promising threats for smart contracts in the blockchain-based systems. Therefore, there is a need to detect and classify the attack type and the data should be stored in server more securely with the use of blockchain and data aggregation method. For this purpose, this presented technique aims at introducing decentralized consensus blockchain and Interplanetary file system (IPFS) based data aggregation for effective classification and data storage. The attack is detected using meta-hyperparameter random forest (MHP-RF) classifier. Once the attack is detected, the transaction information is stored in server securely by means of smart contract-based blockchain system. The transaction handling stage classifies the transaction type as normal or abnormal one which then followed by execution of business logic by smart contract thereby appending the transaction of blockchain in the network cloud. The consensus blockchain technique is employed with the use of PoW-enabled scheme integrated with Elgamal-based data aggregation. Therefore, the system security is improved and the intrusion is prevented greatly. The performance analysis of the system is analyzed in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, F-score, Encryption time, decryption time, execution time, and space complexity. The attained outcomes are compared with traditional approaches to prove the effectiveness of proposed strategy. The proposed system is said to be effective in time consumption, classifier performance, and in overcoming space complexity issues.
Cryptocurrency mining and blockchain technology using renewable energy as the main electricity source has gained attention for sustainable development in financial areas. However, very few studies have been reported concerning the power usage of cryptocurrencies using renewable energy. In this article, we report the effect of overclocking and undervolting on power usage and the hash rate for mining dogecoin with solar energy as renewable energy. The mining rig used in this work consists of different graphics processing units (GPUs) and non-LHR (lite hash rate) cards. The UnMineable software has been used for mining dogecoin as well as for wallet integration. The results indicate that mining dogecoin with solar energy as renewable energy consumes 2000 Watts power with overclocking and 1700 Watts power with undervolting technique. This work implicates the potential future of crypto-mining with renewable energy and the hardware configuration associated with it, which is expected to reduce e-waste and improve sustainable development. To reduce the e-waste and high electricity consumption, we have introduced two important techniques named GPU optimization and use of renewable energy for mining, which helps the miners to reduce the e-waste and electricity consumption significantly at the same time getting most out of the GPU by not having any impact on the environment.
The growing need for access to safer food items is increasing, and hence, there is a need for a better supply chain management system in the food industry is increasing. The increased complexity of the existing systems tends to introduce more issues to the stakeholders, and also, the cost of product traceability is quite high. Hence, the industry is looking for effective solutions in relation to drug traceability, and the application of Blockchain technology enables the stakeholders in the food and beverage (F&B) sector to track the movement of goods, supported in gathering the required details so that the contaminated products can be identified and recalled without much delay and lesser recall costs to protect the lives of the individuals. The tampered food items are increasing and are impacting the supply chain process, brand name of the companies, and claim assurance. They create an adverse impact on the health of the individuals and cause higher economic loss to the health-care industry. The existing studies tend to focus on laying emphasis of the need for an enhanced, effective, and end tracking systems in the industry. The emergence of Blockchain technology enables centralized tracking of information support in enhancing the data privacy and increasing transparency and support in eradicating the tampered food products in the supply chain system. These approaches leverage the usage of smart contracts and decentralize the storage of information in a secure manner for enhanced product traceability in the F&B industry. The implementation of smart contracts generates better data governance, which tends to meet the needs and requirements of the stakeholders, and applies effective measures of food traceability. The primary objective of the study is to perform an analysis of Blockchain in enhancing drug traceability in the food sector. The researcher uses quantitative analysis for the study as it helps in understanding the critical determinants influencing drug traceability in food effectively, the survey method is used to gather the information, and past reviews are also used to possess a better understanding of the subject area effectively.
In late 2019, we witnessed the apparition of the COVID-19 virus. It first appeared in Wuhan, China and due to people traveling worldwide, it spread globally. The world went into a global lockdown because of its exponential spread and high mortality rates. Social distancing measures, crises in the economy, and healthcare posed many challenges for scientists, researchers, and healthcare workers. To try to combat this situation, multiple vaccines were tried, tested, and created in a very short amount of time. Therefore, a robust yet transparent supply chain system is very crucial in ensuring an efficient vaccination campaign. We propose a blockchain-based vaccination supply chain system to manage the registration, storage and distribution of the vaccines. Blockchain is a decentralized, distributed ledger that records all the transactions happening between the nodes in the network. The data is stored in the ledger in the form of blocks that are linked to each other by hashes, this makes tampering with the data virtually impossible. Blockchain properties will provide a distributed system along with greater privacy, transparency, and authenticity. Smart contracts deployed will help in monitoring and tracking the proper vaccine distribution conditions against the rules and regulations given by the authorities. The tamperproof nature of blockchain would ensure the supply of proper distribution of only authentic vaccines in a timely manner and traceability of the supply chain will help in increasing the people’s trust in the vaccination campaign.
Blockchain, or distributed ledger, is an innovative technology that is emerging in various sectors and industries across the globe. It has attracted the attention of different interest groups such as energy companies, SMEs and start-ups, information technology developers, financial institutions, national authorities, and the university community. Through, for example, the decentralization of authority in transactions, Internet of Things (IoT) implementation, and smart contracting, the improvement of the daily business operations is firmly forecasted. In the energy sector, digitalization is already present in solutions such as smart grids, smart meters, electric vehicles, etc. Moreover, a new concept of the Internet of Energy (IoE) has been introduced in the academic literature. In this article, the level of trust and maturity of Blockchain technology implementation is investigated through the Blockchain Maturity Questionnaire, developed by the authors. The database consists of responses from upper management professionals from the renewable energy industry. The analysis reveals the state of know-how about Blockchain, the main benefits and bottlenecks associated with its implementation as well as willingness to integrate this technology in the case companies’ future operations. The insight from the industry experts helped to provide a “Roadmap for Blockchain Adoption” in future energy systems. This curiosity study yields numerous applications not only for the renewable energy industry experts but also for the interest groups coming from different industries, as well as public authorities and researchers scrutinizing the fields taken into its scope.
The emergence of blockchain technology makes it possible to address disparate distributed system security concerns in formerly ridiculous practices. A key factor of this ability is the decentralization of the symmetrically distributed ledgers of blockchain. Such decentralization has replaced several security functionalities of centralized authority with the use of cryptographic systems. That is, public or asymmetric cryptography is the key part of what makes blockchain technology possible. Recently, the blockchain experience introduces the chance for the healthcare field to implement these knowhows in their electronic records. This adoption supports retaining and sharing the symmetrical patient records with the appropriate alliance of hospitals and healthcare providers in a secure decentralized system, using asymmetric cryptography like hashing, digitally signed transactions, and public key infrastructure. These include specialized applications for drug tracking, applications for observing patients, or Electronic Health Records (EHR). Therefore, it is essential to notice that the principled awareness of the healthcare professionals is the leading point of the right perception ethics. In this work, we provide a thorough review of the issues and applications of utilizing blockchain in the healthcare and medical fields emphasizing the particular challenges and aspects. The study adopted a systematic review of secondary literature in answering the research question. Specifically, this paper aims to investigate how blockchain technology can be applied to improve the overall performance of the healthcare sector and to explore the various challenges and concerns of the application of blockchain in the healthcare system.
With the growth of computing and communication technologies, the information processing paradigm of the healthcare environment is evolving. The patient information is stored electronically, making it convenient to store and retrieve patient information remotely when needed. However, evolving the healthcare systems into smart healthcare environments comes with challenges and additional pressures. Internet of Things (IoT) connects things, such as computing devices, through wired or wireless mediums to form a network. There are numerous security vulnerabilities and risks in the existing IoT-based systems due to the lack of intrinsic security technologies. For example, patient medical data, data privacy, data sharing, and convenience are considered imperative for collecting and storing electronic health records (EHR). However, the traditional IoT-based EHR systems cannot deal with these paradigms because of inconsistent security policies and data access structures. Blockchain (BC) technology is a decentralized and distributed ledger that comes in handy in storing patient data and encountering data integrity and confidentiality challenges. Therefore, it is a viable solution for addressing existing IoT data security and privacy challenges. BC paves a tremendous path to revolutionize traditional IoT systems by enhancing data security, privacy, and transparency. The scientific community has shown a variety of healthcare applications based on artificial intelligence (AI) that improve health diagnosis and monitoring practices. Moreover, technology companies and startups are revolutionizing healthcare with AI and related technologies. This study illustrates the implication of integrated technologies based on BC, IoT, and AI to meet growing healthcare challenges. This research study examines the integration of BC technology with IoT and analyzes the advancements of these innovative paradigms in the healthcare sector. In addition, our research study presents a detailed survey on enabling technologies for the futuristic, intelligent, and secure internet of health things (IoHT). Furthermore, this study comprehensively studies the peculiarities of the IoHT environment and the security, performance, and progression of the enabling technologies. First, the research gaps are identified by mapping security and performance benefits inferred by the BC technologies. Secondly, practical issues related to the integration process of BC and IoT devices are discussed. Third, the healthcare applications integrating IoT, BC, and ML in healthcare environments are discussed. Finally, the research gaps, future directions, and limitations of the enabling technologies are discussed.
Muhammad Sajid Farooq, Safiullah Khan, Abdur Rehman, Sagheer Abbas · 6 authors
Security and privacy in the Internet of Things (IoT) other significant challenges, primarily because of the vast scale and deployment of IoT networks. Blockchain-based solutions support decentralized protection and privacy. In this study, a private blockchain-based smart home network architecture for estimating intrusion detection empowered with a Fused Real-Time Sequential Deep Extreme Learning Machine (RTS-DELM) system model is proposed. This study investigates the methodology of RTS-DELM implemented in blockchain-based smart homes to detect any malicious activity. The approach of data fusion and the decision level fusion technique are also implemented to achieve enhanced accuracy. This study examines the numerous key components and features of the smart home network framework more extensively. The Fused RTS-DELM technique achieves a very significant level of stability with a low error rate for any intrusion activity in smart home networks. The simulation findings indicate that this suggested technique successfully optimizes smart home networks for monitoring and detecting harmful or intrusive activities.
S. K. UmaMaheswaran, G. Lakshmi Vara Prasad, Батырхан Омаров, Dalael Saad Abdul-Zahra · 7 authors
According to the benefits in safeguarding and transferring medical information, illness assessment, evaluation of “Magnetic Resonance Mapping” images, and certain other disciplines, blockchain and machine learning (ML) technology has significantly piqued attention in the healthcare domains. Formerly, those chores have been performed out along with individuals; eventually, individuals acquired attraction because to its precision and efficiency. The proposed study will examine the activities and possible capabilities of learning algorithms and blockchain in the healthcare professions focusing on these fascinating facts. Primary and secondary data analysis has been executed, with primary analysis method consisting of a survey of 150 randomly picked medicine professionals with expertise in machine learning and blockchain. They gave their answers that were being subsequently transferred to figures and employed as response variable in SPSS examining. The length of time where learning and blockchain have been used in medicine is really the independent factor. To better understand the primary and small hurdles of integrating machine learning and blockchain, a correlation investigation was done. Thereafter, secondary methodology is employed to validate the primary study results.
The emerging need for high data rate, low latency, and high network capacity encourages wireless networks (WNs) to build intelligent and dynamic services, such as intelligent transportation systems, smart homes, smart cities, industrial automation, etc. However, the WN is impeded by several security threats, such as data manipulation, denial-of-service, injection, man-in-the-middle, session hijacking attacks, etc., that deteriorate the security performance of the aforementioned WN-based intelligent services. Toward this goal, various security solutions, such as cryptography, artificial intelligence (AI), access control, authentication, etc., are proposed by the scientific community around the world; however, they do not have full potential in tackling the aforementioned security issues. Therefore, it necessitates a technology, i.e., a blockchain, that offers decentralization, immutability, transparency, and security to protect the WN from security threats. Motivated by these facts, this paper presents a WNs survey in the context of security and privacy issues with blockchain-based solutions. First, we analyzed the existing research works and highlighted security requirements, security issues in a different generation of WN (4G, 5G, and 6G), and a comparative analysis of existing security solutions. Then, we showcased the influence of blockchain technology and prepared an exhaustive taxonomy for blockchain-enabled security solutions in WN. Further, we also proposed a blockchain and a 6G-based WN architecture to highlight the importance of blockchain technology in WN. Moreover, the proposed architecture is evaluated against different performance metrics, such as scalability, packet loss ratio, and latency. Finally, we discuss various open issues and research challenges for blockchain-based WNs solutions.
Binu Kuriakose Vargis, Mohammad Shabbir Alam, Kamal Upreti, Ranjana Raut · 6 authors
The recent pandemic has brought an unprecedented tangible effect on the adversaries of understanding the importance of Vaccines. Prior to this situation there were scenarios where the drip in Vaccine efficacy has affected the public health sector and even the Government's. Vaccination is the only assertive way of procuring immunization against such deadly pandemics. This study discusses such events which motivated the need of managing and monitoring the vaccine supply chain. The applications of IoT and Blockchain have been depicted and converged in this regard. Blockchain is the apparent solution to manage and monitor the vaccines effectiveness by delivering the same to the public health centers timely. Moreover, the counterfeit vaccines can also be identified. Internet of Things (IoT) has given a significant contribution in terms of fetching the real time readings in many applications. In our study temperature and moisture parameters are collected using Sensors in IoT and then the complete voyage of vaccine cold units will be monitored using Blockchain Transactions till it has been delivered. A framework is proposed on a Ethereum platform and consensus mechanism which will eventually avoid any possible alterations and counterfeiting of the deliverable Vaccine Units ensuring a safe transit which will be accessible and transparent even to the receiving patients, healthcare members along with the Governments body.
The tremendous shift in technology has led to many unconnected things getting interconnected via IoT. IoT is one of the major modes of collecting data from various networked resources and other connected devices. The broad range of IoT, with its huge heterogeneity in handling data, addresses many challenges in the realm of healthcare. Blockchain technology has elevated the use of distributed storage in a positive way. The recent emergence of this technology has paved way for potentially enormous utilization in various fields. Blockchain technology in the fields of IT, finance, industries, government, healthcare, media, and law enforcement has altered the service quality levels to an ethical ideal. Blockchain, in conjunction with IoT, facilitates decentralized collection and storage of data. Integrating blockchain with IoT has emerged as a cutting-edge tool for the decentralized sharing of medical records, monitoring of patients, ensuring the privacy of patient records, predicting the quantum of insurance, and managing supply chains.
With the advancements in the new technologies like IoT, the healthcare sector is also growing rapidly. The core concept of introducing IoT in the healthcare centers is to make it remotely accessible, so that communication between doctor and patient can be easy, and diagnosis of any disease can be remotely done through the Internet in case of emergency. The major objective of this study is to develop a security framework for the healthcare industry that can encrypt secret data on cloud servers using block-based data encoding. Since any information that is available on the Internet is vulnerable to various attacks, and the medical records of the patients carry sensitive information that must not be accessible to any unauthorized or unauthentic person, in this context, the concept of Blockchain (BC) technology was introduced in the healthcare systems. In the past few years, a number of BC based healthcare models were proposed in the system; however, these systems are decentralized in nature, which is a feature of Blockchain technology, but in certain applications, especially in healthcare, this feature gave rise to a problem termed as disease overlapping when the count of chains gets increased. To solve this issue, a BC based framework is used in this work that has a feature of creating a separate block in the chain every time whenever any alteration in information about patient’s health, any allergies, new symptoms, medications, etc. is updated. In addition to this, securing the sensitive information of patients is taken into consideration by developing an improved and enhanced multilayer Blockchain based IoT data security approach that not only protects the data, but also builds the trust between patients/user and healthcare service providers. The main focused area of this research article is to propose a security framework for healthcare domain that can encrypt the confidential data over cloud server under block-based data encoding. In the proposed approach, 128-bit AES key is generated in order to support the SHA-256 hashing algorithm. Individual user’s data is subdivided to blocks and encrypted to secure it from unauthorized access. An interface-based system is designed to present the real-world usage of the proposed model in healthcare application. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated in the MATLAB software in terms of MAE, RMSE, MSE, encryption time, and decryption time. The RSA and DSA are the most trending encryption algorithms. These algorithms are crucial components of Blockchain technology, implemented in the proposed work, and later on, their performances are also compared with each other to check their effectiveness. The simulation results demonstrated that the proposed encrypting algorithm surpasses the other encryption approaches such as RSA and DSA in all factors to prove its supremacy. The experimental results show that the encryption and decryption time are lowest in the proposed framework; therefore, its performance is more effective and robust. It is also more effective and resilient.
Deep learning (DL) is a new approach that provides exceptional speed in healthcare activities with greater accuracy. In this regard, “convolutional neural network” or CNN and blockchain are two important parts that together fasten the disease detection procedures securely. CNN can detect and predict diseases like lung cancer and help determine food quality, and blockchain is responsible for data. This research is going to analyze the extension of blockchain with the help of CNN for lung cancer prediction and making food safer. CNN algorithm has been trained with a huge number of images by altering the filters, features, epoch values, padding value, kernel size, and resolution. Subsequently, the CNN accuracy has been measured to understand how these factors affect the accuracy. A linear regression analysis has been carried out in IBM SPSS where the independent variables selected are image dataset augmentation, epochs, features, pixel size (90 × 90 to 512 × 512), kernel size (0–7), filters (10–40), and padding. The dependent variable is the accuracy of CNN. Findings suggested that a larger number of epochs improve the CNN accuracy; however, when more than 12 epochs are considered, the accuracy may decrease. A greater pixel/resolution also improves the accuracy of cancer and food image detection. When images are provided with excellent features and filters, the CNN accuracy improves. The main objective of this research is to comprehend how the independent variables affect the accuracy (dependent), but the reading may not be fully exact, and thus, the researcher has conceded out a minor task, which delivered evidence supportive of the analysis and against the analysis. As a result, it can be determined that image augmentation and a large number of images develop the CNN accuracy in lung cancer prediction and food safety determination when features and filters are applied correctly. A total of 10–12 epochs are desirable for CNN to receive 99% accuracy with 1 padding.
The cryptospace, DeFi, non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and blockchain technology far more typically, has been getting significantly mainstream and perhaps popular buyers like Kevin O’Leary have publicly extra crypto tokens to their portfolios. In 2021 by yourself, the value from the cryptocurrency market soared by somewhere around $1.5 trillion, signifying just about a 200% rise in the general sector price over the course with the yr (Chinchalkar, 2021) and a clear indication in the alternatives involved in investing in the crypto House. Nevertheless, it can be challenging to know exactly where to start and navigate the minefield of the new unregulated money Area
Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Internet of Things and AI
Innovations and Analysis in Business and Education
Blockchain is an emerging Technology that leads to significant changes in business, finance, government, healthcare, real estate industry and will have a huge impact in the upcoming year. It is way through which economy will going to transform. It is chain of blocks that contain information. It is a shared immutable ledger that facilitates the tracking of assets in a business network (assets can be tangible: a house, a cash or intangible like intellectual property, patent, copyright, branding) and it keeps track or process of transactions. Blockchain is system where no one can hack data, make changes or cheat the system. As Blockchain is Decentralized system and distributed Ledger that aims to ensure security, transparency and integrity. Since it can
Randeep Singh, Bilal Ahmed Mir, Lohith J. J, Dhruva Sreenivasa Chakravarthi · 7 authors
A radio communication sensor system is a collection of sensor modules that are connected to one another through wireless communication. It is common for them to be battery-powered and responsive to a nearby controller, referred to as the base station. They are capable of doing basic computations and transferring information to the base station in most scenarios. They are also in charge of transporting data from distant nodes, putting a burden on nodes with limited resources, and contributing to the quick depletion of energy in these nodes in the process. Nodes in close proximity to the base station are responsible for more than only detecting and sending data to the base station; they are also responsible for transmitting data from faraway nodes. To reward nodes that perform well, a protocol known as the Improved Fuzzy Inspired Energy Effective Protocol (IFIEEP) employs three separate sorts of nodes in order to provide more energy to those who do not. It takes into account the remaining node energy, the node's proximity to the base station, the node's neighbor concentration, and the node's centrality in a cluster when determining node viability. All of these assumptions are founded on a shaky understanding of the situation. Adaptive clustering must be applied to the most viable nodes in order to identify cluster leaders and transmit data to the base station, in addition to disseminating data across the rest of the network, in order to achieve success. In addition, the research provides proper heterogeneity parameters, which describe, among other things, the number of nodes as well as the starting energy of each node. The percentage gain in-network lifetime when compared to current approaches is minor for smaller numbers of supernodes; however, the percentage gain in the area covered 12.89 percent and 100% when more significant numbers of super nodes are used. These improvements in stability, residual energy, and throughput are accomplished by combining these improvements while also taking into consideration the previously neglected energy-intensive sensing energy aspect. The protocol that has been presented is meant to be used in conjunction with applications that make use of blockchain technology.
The health system in today's real world is significant but difficult and overcrowded. These hurdles can be diminished using improved health record management and blockchain technology. These technologies can handle medical data to provide security by monitoring and maintaining patient records. The processing of medical data and patient records is essential to analyze the earlier prescribed medicines and to understand the severity of diseases. Blockchain technology can improve the security, performance, and transparency of sharing the medical records of the current healthcare system. This paper proposed a novel framework for personal health record (PHR) management using IBM cloud data lake and blockchain platform for an effective healthcare management process. The problem in the blockchain-based healthcare management system can be minimized with the utilization of the proposed technique. Significantly, the traditional blockchain system usually decreases the latency. Therefore, the proposed technique focuses on improving latency and throughput. The result of the proposed system is calculated based on various matrices, such as F1 Score, Recall, and Confusion matrices. Therefore, the proposed work scored high accuracy and provided better results than existing techniques.
Manzar Ahmed, Abid Mohummad Khan, Mishaal Ahmed, Muhammad Javeed · 9 authors
In future all Energy resources will be control through the internet (IoT) both home and commercial systems. For home power system, user can installed solar or wind energy system from 1 KW to 10 MW, depend on the area and location. These Energy resources will be control by Microgrid, the microgrid can work in two mode such as stand-alone system or with grid-connected mode. To control losses and trading the energy in microgrid network. The blockchain technology is suitable for microgrid because it has potential to resolve all issues such as energy theft case or billing fraud. The blockchain is distributed ledger technology and it has the potential to improve efficiencies by updating the status of the system. Microgrid combination with blockchain provide complete solution to all previous issues, which were present in conational energy system. In this research work, the Microgrid model with blockchain technology will be analyze for the energy sector to address the issues of the present problems, such as low efficiency, market competition, improve contract system for selling energy and theft case on basis of trusted and secure transaction platform without third party.
Ahmed G. Gad, Diana T. Mosa, Laith Abualigah, Amr A. Abohany
At present times, Blockchain technology is gaining more attraction with every passing day, as it has revolutionized the traditional trade due to its distributed ledger feature, every record in this ledger is secured by rules of cryptography which makes it more secure and tamper-free. This naturally led to the emergence of various types of cryptocurrency, such as Bitcoin, which builds on a technology commonly known as Blockchain. The rapid evolution of research on Blockchain calls for more research studies for investigating and analyzing the current knowledge in this field through a systematic technical study that shows the impact and significance of the related literature since the inception of the technology in 2013. From this point, in this paper, a state-of-the-art review is conducted on the most influential articles, conference papers, and review papers related to Blockchain published from 2013 to 2020 and indexed by the Web of Science Core CollectionTM (WoS) world’s literature database. To attain the desired objective, after presenting an inevitable, brief overview of Blockchain technology, the collected papers have closely been analyzed along seven key research questions. Subsequently, vital valuable findings, such as the top 10 influential papers, yearly publications and citation trends, the favorite publication venues, the hottest research areas, and the most supportive funding bodies are reported, which may offer several implications about the status quo and emerging trends and frontiers of Blockchain, to guide towards establishing a baseline for both fresh and experienced researchers and practitioners before initiating a future research project on Blockchain. Furthermore, a rigorous discussion is provided on Blockchain application in diversified domains, along with different versatile use cases. Lastly, a brief insight is presented into open challenges and potential future advancements in the field of Blockchain. Summing up, this paper is meant to assist newbies in exploring and designing new Blockchain solutions, bearing in mind existing demands and challenges.
Blockchain technology is a highly regarded technology that possesses a plethora of exciting features. This paper analyzes trends and highlights the potential benefits of blockchain deployment in IoT and healthcare. According to the literature, blockchain technology is mostly utilized for data management operations in healthcare and IoT, specifically to improve data security, which includes data integrity, access control, and privacy preservation. In both areas, six distinct types of data security preservation strategies are applied. Additionally, publications highlight how blockchain and IoT, including health IoT, can be used in an integrative way. Three integration mechanisms were seen to accomplish this goal. These solutions range from fully integrating blockchain into data exchanges between IoT devices to using it solely for metadata storage. The most frequently covered area of IoT is a smart city, where blockchain is utilized to improve real-time data sharing, and electricity trading, and so on. Additionally, it is learned that, despite the numerous benefits of blockchain in healthcare, authors typically use it for drug supply chain management and data management purposes in order to avoid counterfeiting and empower patients with regard to their data, respectively.
Hui Wang, Longshuai Zheng, Qiuhong Xue, Xueqing Li
The Internet of Things (IoT) has brought unprecedented changes to the society and permeated our daily life. However, it has not been successfully applied in the area of medical waste regulation, where the recycling and disposal of medical waste have significant loopholes in the management of classification, transportation, disposal, supervision, and other links. The source, authenticity, and integrity of medical waste data lack guarantees, and there is a risk of data tampering and forgery. Although there are currently some medical waste supervision applications combined with IoT-based blockchain domestically and internationally to facilitate information sharing and transfer, no verifiable method is provided for the information privacy leakage of medical waste operators. To address this problem, we propose a blockchain-based medical waste supervision model, which connects participants involved in the process, introduces digital credentials to achieve the protection of operator information privacy, and ensures that the entire data process is authentic and credible. By building a decentralized system architecture and setting intelligent contracts, we integrate and record the medical waste disposal regulatory information in different phases on the blockchain to form the supervision of medical waste chain. In addition, we digitize the physical credentials and certificates using digital credentials to achieve cryptography security and privacy protection. The regulatory model designed in this paper can provide digital certificates of disposal tracking information to the health, environmental protection, and other administrative departments in China. It can provide authoritative evidence for the supervision and accountability of medical waste disposal and support the construction of a new generation of medical waste regulatory information systems in China.