For the past couple of years, Machine learning and trading helped by artificial intelligence has drawn growing interest. Here, the approach is used to test the hypothesis that the inefficiency of cryptocurrency industry can be exploited in order to produce anomalous revenue. For the duration between Nov. 2015 and Apr. 2018, daily data for 1, 681 crypto currencies were analyzed. Simple trade techniques supported by state-of -the-art machine learning algorithms are seen to outperform the traditional benchmarks. The results obtained imply that non-trivial, but fundamentally simple, algorithmic processes will help to predict the short-term future of the cryptocurrency market. The popularity of cryptocurrencies had skyrocketed in 2017 due to several consecutive months of super-exponential growth of market capitalization. There are over 1,500 currently recorded cryptocurrencies actively trading today with the cryptocurrencies sitting on more than $300 billion [2], and a total market capitalization of over $800 billion in January 2018. According to a recent survey, between 2.9 and 5.8 million privates as well as institutional investors are in the numerous investment networks and access to markets has become easier over time. In a number of online markets, major crypto currencies can be purchased using fiat currency, and then used in order to purchase less known crypto currencies. The average trading amount is globally exceeding $15bn. About 170 money market funds had been invested in cryptocurrencies since 2017, and Bitcoin futures are launched in order to satisfy the Bitcoin trading and hedging demand for the market. The main objective of the work is to predict the Bitcoin prices, one of the most popular and widely used cryptocurrency which is a source of attraction for many investors as a source of profit or investment. But the market for the cryptocurrencies been volatile since the day it was first introduced. So, the approach towards the survey is to use LSTM RNN and use the available dataset and train the model to give the highest possible accuracy and to provide a real-time price of the Bitcoin for the following days.
This paper presents a qualitative study that examine the perception of users on Islamic approach toward \npurification of transaction with cryptocurrency. Bitcoin is has been used as a case study which is one of the \ntype of cryptocurrency. There are huge discrepancies from many Islamic school of thought about \ntransaction with bitcoin. Specifically, some school of thought viewed it as a tool used for illegal purposes \nand that the global public already uses Bitcoin mostly for illegal and non-Shari’ah-compliant purposes \nunder Islamic perceptions. As a result, this study developed an interview-qualitative research approach in \norder to examine how the negative perceptions of cryptocurrency from Islamic views cnd be purify. Sample \nof Eight informant were used in the study. The finding of this study indicated that the use of cryptocurrency \nas a legitimate as any payment method. It is also argued that it facilitated transactions and cut the normal \ncost of international money transfer, and some Muslim countries are actively encouraging the use of \ncryptocurrency due to its easy use and transparency. This has been also supported by “hadith”. Finally, the \nanalysis also confirmed that from the Shari'ah point of view, cryptocurrencies are as compliant as fiat \nmoney and ought to be accepted as another mode of payment that can be used in transaction as its value can \nbe measured and quantified. Therefore, this study has contributed in understanding the Islamic views \nbehind the implementation of cryptocurrency.
Blokzincir, bitcoin dijital para biriminin de alt yapısını oluşturan yeni bir teknolojidir. Popüler ve yaygın yatırımlar sayesinde günlük gerçekleştirilen bitcoin işlem sayısı gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Bitcoin verisi her geçen gün artmakta ve dolayısıyla artan büyük bitcoin verisinin analizi ve madenciliği için yeni veri madenciliği yöntemlerine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Buna ek olarak, Bitcoin fiyatındaki dalgalanmalar ve anormal fiyat değişimleri ve bu değişimlerdeki anormalliklerin keşfi ekonomistler için büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, 2012-2019 yıllarına ait 8 yıllık bitcoin fiyat veri kümesi kullanılarak bitcoin fiyat farkı ve bitcoin fiyatı yüzdesel farkı olmak üzere iki farklı veri kümesi oluşturulup, anormallik tespiti gerçekleştirilmiştir. Öncelikle veri kümesi ön işlem aşamasından geçirilerek gereksiz sütunlar çıkarılmıştır ve daha sonra günlük fiyat farkları kullanılarak veri setleri oluşturulup, DBSCAN algoritması ile anormallik tespiti yapılmıştır. Ayrıca bu çalışmada DBSCAN aloritmasının sonuçları istatistiksel yöntemin sonuçları ile karşılaştırılıp, tartışılmıştır. Sonuçlar incelendiğinde, DBSCAN algoritması ve istatistiksel metodun bitcoin fiyatlarındaki anormallikleri her iki veri kümesinde de başarıyla tespit edebildiği görülmüştür. Bununla birlikte DBSCAN algoritması normal günlük fiyat değişimlerine yakın olan anormak fiyat değişimlerini de keşfedebildiği için istatistiksel metottan daha iyi performans göstermiştir. Ayrıca, bu çalışmada bitcoin fiyat farkı veri kümesi ve bitcoin fiyatı yüzdesel farlı veri kümesi karşılaştırılmış ve her bir veri kümesi için olan sonuçlar ve sebepleri tartışılmıştır. NOT: Makalenin düzeltilmiş haline Alper Ecemis - Düzeltme ulaşabilirsiniz.
Anti-forgery information, transaction verification, and smart contract are functionalities of blockchain technology that can change the traditional business processes of IT applications. These functionalities increase the data transparency, and trust of users in the new application models, thus resolving many different social problems today. In this work, we take all the advantages of this technology to build a blockchain-based authentication system (called the Vietnamese Educational Certification blockchain, which stands for VECefblock) to deal with the delimitation of fake certificate issues in Vietnam. In this direction, firstly, we categorize and analyze blockchain research and application trends to make out our contributions in this domain. Our motivating factor is to curb fake certificates in Vietnam by applying the suitability of blockchain technology to the problem domain. This study proposed some blockchain-based application development principles in order to build a step by step VECefblock with the following procedures: designing overall architecture along with business processes, data mapping structure and implementing the decentralized application that can meet the specific Vietnamese requirements. To test system functionalities, we used Hyperledger Fabric as a blockchain platform that is deployed on the Amazon EC2 cloud. Through performance evaluations, we proved the operability of VECefblock in the practical deployment environment. This experiment also shows the feasibility of our proposal, thus promoting the application of blockchain technology to deal with social problems in general as well as certificate management in Vietnam.
D.M. Sheeba, S. Jayalakshmi, Dept of Computer Applications, VISTAS, Chennai, India.
Internet of Things (IoT) growing at a rate of exponential numbers in recent years has received extensive attention with BlockChain (BC) technology which provide trust to IoT with its immutable nature, decentralization in computing, resource constraints, security and privacy. The distributed ledger of transactions in BC is path leading technology for addressing Cyber Threats in the form of data theft; it provides secure application architecture which has proven track of record for securing data. IoT devices using BC enabled to communicate between objects, share data, decide based on business criteria and act as a medium to securely transmit information. This work provides lightweight BlockChain with two prominent consensus mechanism PoW – Proof of Work and PoS – Proof of Stake for smart IoT devices. Next, Smart Home Device (SMD) is ensures providing best-in-class Security and Privacy for smart home Appliances. Further provides future advances in the Approach.
Pemilihan Suara Secara Elektronis Menggunakan Sistem Terdesentralisasi Berbasis Blockchain Ethereum merupakan suatu sistem yang dibuat dalam bentuk aplikasi yang dapat digunakan dalam pemilihan umum. Hal ini dilakukan untuk menyelesaikan masalah yang dimiliki oleh sistem pemilihan suara secara elektronis yang konvensional dimana integritas data belum terjamin dan data hasil suara kemungkinan dapat dirubah oleh pihak tertentu. Masalah ini dapat diselesaikan dengan membuat sistem pemilihan suara secara elektronik yang menyimpan data hasil suara pada blockchain agar integritas data dapat terjamin. Pembuatan sistem ini dilakukan menggunakan bahasa Solidity, bahasa pemrograman yang sudah Turing Complete pada Ethereum. Source code yang dijalankan akan di kompilasi menjadi Bytecode yang kemudian dijalankan pada Ethereum Virtual Machine. Program yang dibuat tersebut kemudian akan di desentralisasi kan menggunakan Blockchain. Hasil nya adalah sistem Electronic Voting yang terdesentralisasi. Sistem ini dapat diakses melalui website https://pemilurt.herokuapp.com/. Abstract Electronic Voting Using Decentralised System Based On Ethereum’s Blockchain is a system made in the form of application used for Electronic Voting. This is done to solve the current problem on conventional electronic voting system where the integrity of the data can’t be ascertain and the result of the vote can be tampered malicious actors. To solve this problem, an electronic voting system will be built that store the data of election results on blockchain to ensure the integrity of the data. The creation of the system involves using the Solidity language, a Turing Complete programming language used on Ethereum. Source code that will be run will first need to be compiled into Bytecode, which will then in turn run on Ethereum Virtual Machine. The finished program will then be decentralised using Blockchain. The result will be a decentralised Electronic Voting system that can be accessed from the website https://pemilurt.herokuapp.com/.
Hao Xu, Paulo Valente Klaine, Oluwakayode Onireti, Bin Cao · 6 authors
The sixth-generation (6G) network must provide better performance than previous generations to meet the requirements of emerging services and applications, such as multi-gigabit transmission rate, higher reliability, and sub-1 ms latency and ubiquitous connection for the Internet of Everything (IoE). However, with the scarcity of spectrum resources, efficient resource management and sharing are crucial to achieving all these ambitious requirements. One possible technology to achieve all this is the blockchain. Because of its inherent properties, the blockchain has recently gained an important position, which is of great significance to the 6G network and other networks. In particular, the integration of the blockchain in 6G will enable the network to monitor and manage resource utilization and sharing efficiently. Hence, in this paper, we discuss the potentials of the blockchain for resource management and sharing in 6G using multiple application scenarios, namely, Internet of things, device-to-device communications, network slicing, and inter-domain blockchain ecosystems.
IoT cloud enabled societal applications have dramatically increased in the recent past due to the thrust for innovations, notably through startup initiatives, in various sectors such as agriculture, healthcare, industry, and so forth. The existing IoT cloud solutions have led practitioners or researchers to a haphazard clutter of serious security hazards and performance inefficiencies. This paper proposes a blockchain enabled IoT cloud implementation to tackle the existing issues in smart cities. It particularly highlights the implementation of chaincodes for air quality monitoring systems in SmartCities; the proposed architecture named as IoT enabled Blockchain for Air Quality Monitoring System (IB-AQMS) is illustrated using experiments. Experimental results were carried out and the findings were disclosed in the paper.
Jean-Marc Seigneur, Sophie Pusterla, Xavier Socquet-Clerc
Relational capital for companies has been theorized and modeled in the past, but so far, no real Web application has tried to bring its value to light, especially concerning the real estate application domain. In this paper, we present the results of our surveys on how the types of relations who have contributed to a product impact price premium and what real estate agencies think about real estate relational value, especially as implemented on our Web marketplace connected to Facebook social network and NEO public blockchain for products certifications transparency.
Christian Killer, Bruno Rodrigues, Raphael Matile, Eder J. Scheid · 5 authors
Digitization of electoral processes depends on confident systems that produce verifiable evidence. The design and implementation of voting systems has been widely studied in prior research, bringing together expertise in many fields. Switzerland is organized in a federal, decentralized structure of independent governmental entities. Thus, its decentralized structure is a real-world example for implementing an electronic voting system, where trust is distributed among multiple authorities.
This paper studies three existing technical solutions for a self-sovereign identity on blockchains and analyzes the arising issues related to the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) of the European Union (EU). In particular, the paper provides an overview of the existing Sovrin self-sovereign identity on the Hyperledger Indy public permissioned blockchain as well as uPort and Jolocom on the Ethereum public permissionless blockchain. The paper then concludes with a discussion on the GDPR-compliance of the blockchain-based identity concepts.
Lei Xu, Lin Chen, Zhimin Gao, Keshav Kasichainula · 7 authors
Bitcoin introduces a new type of cryptocurrency that does not rely on a central system to maintain transactions. Inspired by the success of Bitcoin, all types of alt cryptocurrencies were invented in recent years. Some of the new cryptocurrencies focus on privacy enhancement, where transaction information such as value and sender/receiver identity can be hidden, such as Zcash and Monero. However, there are few schemes to support multiple types of cryptocurrencies/assets and offer privacy enhancement at the same time. The major challenge for a multiple asset system is that it needs to support two-way assets exchange between participants besides one-way asset transfer. Thus, we propose a privacy-preserving exchange scheme, PrivateEx, which preserves the privacy of the exchange of different assets. PrivateEx utilizes zero-knowledge proof and a novel way to "lock" assets involved in the exchange to guarantee the correctness, fairness, and privacy of exchange of assets in the system. We also implement a prototype of PrivateEx and evaluate its performance to show that it is practical with modern computers.
Zhihao Hao, Dianhui Mao, Bob Zhang, Min Zuo · 5 authors
Current food traceability systems have a number of problems, such as data being easily tampered with and a lack of effective methods to intuitively analyze the causes of risks. Therefore, a novel method has been proposed that combines blockchain technology with visualization technology, which uses Hyperledger to build an information storage platform. Features such as distribution and tamper-resistance can guarantee the authenticity and validity of data. A data structure model is designed to implement the data storage of the blockchain. The food safety risks of unqualified detection data can be quantitatively analyzed, and a food safety risk assessment model is established according to failure rate and qualification deviation. Risk analysis used visual techniques, such as heat maps, to show the areas where unqualified products appeared, with a migration map and a force-directed graph used to trace these products. Moreover, the food sampling data were used as the experimental data set to test the validity of the method. Instead of difficult-to-understand and highly specialized food data sets, such as elements in food, food sampling data for the entire year of 2016 was used to analyze the risks of food incidents. A case study using aquatic products as an example was explored, where the results showed the risks intuitively. Furthermore, by analyzing the reasons and traceability processes effectively, it can be proven that the proposed method provides a basis to formulate a regulatory strategy for regions with risks.
In recent years we have seen a great deal of attention to the topic of security analysis in smart contracts, especially those developed for the Ethereum blockchain. As a result, there seems to be an evergrowing demand for secure smart contracts to protect what could potentially be worth billions. In this paper, we introduce Etherolic as a robust, scalable and efficient fuzzing tool based on concolic testing for performing security analysis on smart contracts. Our approach works based on a successful combination of dynamic taint tracking (DTA) and concolic testing that allows users to analyze the bytecode of smart contracts being run on the Ethereum Virtual Machine. Moreover, Etherolic is not only able to identify a wide spectrum of recent vulnerabilities in smart contracts, but also it generates exploits to trigger unknown errors in the code. In order to demonstrate the usefulness of our approach, we evaluated Etherolic on a crafted benchmark suite, comprising several real-world and synthetic smart contracts along with 98 safety features. The result of our preliminary evaluation reveals 204 security violations in the benchmarks.
Electronic medical records (EMRs) are extremely important for patients’ treatment, doctors’ diagnoses, and medical technology development. In recent years, the distributed healthcare blockchain system has been researched for solving the information isolated island problem in centralized healthcare service systems. However, there still exists a series of important problems such as the patients’ sensitive information security, cross-institutional data sharing, medical quality, and efficiency. In this paper, we establish a lightweight privacy-preserving mechanism for a healthcare blockchain system. First, we apply an interleaving encoder to encrypt the original EMRs. This can hide the sensitive information of EMRs to protect the patient’s privacy security. Second, a ( t , n )-threshold lightweight message sharing scheme is presented. The EMRs are mapped to n different short shares, and it can be reconstructed by at least t shares. The EMR shares rather than the original EMRs are stored in the blockchain nodes. This can guarantee high security for EMR sharing and improve the data reconstruction efficiency. Third, the indexes of the stored EMR shares are employed to generate blocks that are chained together and finally form a blockchain. The authorized data users or institutions can recover an EMR by requesting at least t shares of the EMR from the blockchain nodes. In this way, the healthcare blockchain system can not only facilitate the cross-institution sharing process, but also provide proper protections for the EMRs. The security proof and analysis indicate that the proposed scheme can protect the privacy and security of patients’ medical information. The simulation results show that our proposed scheme is more efficient than similar literature in terms of energy consumption and storage space, and the healthcare blockchain system is more stable with the proposed message sharing scheme.
Vincent Reniers, Yuan Gao, Ren Zhang, Paolo Viviani · 11 authors
Our main use case features multiple companies that iteratively optimize on the architectural properties of aircraft components in a decentralized manner. In each optimization step of the so-called multi-disciplinary optimization (MDO) process, sensitive data is exchanged between organizations, and we require auditability and traceability of actions taken to assure compliance with signed legal agreements.
Bitcoin has been a renowned and most eminent cryptocurrency since it's inception in 2008. It is a hot topic of debate and created a lot of buzz in the financial world as well as the technology sector. Consequently there are critics as well as admirers of Bitcoin. There are many intricate features like Anonymity, Decentralization, Privacy, Peer to Peer network, Security and Robustness etc which led to the worldwide fame and exponential growth in price of Bitcoin. In this paper we will throw light on the complex features and technology behind Bitcoin. I have performed a comprehensive study of the Bitcoin. I have performed an exhaustive study on the Bitcoin price speculation and technology behind it and found it very interesting and innovative. In this research I will be evaluating all the complex features of the Bitcoin and present it in a limpid and intelligible way. I will try to clear all the buzz around the hype of the Bitcoin.
Payment channel networks, and the Lightning Network in particular, seem to offer a solution to the lack of scalability and privacy offered by Bitcoin and other blockchain-based cryptocurrencies. Previous research has focused on the scalability, availability, and crypto-economics of the Lightning Network, but relatively little attention has been paid to exploring the level of privacy it achieves in practice. This paper presents a thorough analysis of the privacy offered by the Lightning Network, by presenting several attacks that exploit publicly available information about the network in order to learn information that is designed to be kept secret, such as how many coins a node has available or who the sender and recipient are in a payment routed through the network.
Michael Coblenz, Jonathan Aldrich, Brad A. Myers, Joshua Sunshine
Some blockchain programs (smart contracts) have included serious security vulnerabilities. Obsidian is a new typestate-oriented programming language that uses a strong type system to rule out some of these vulnerabilities. Although Obsidian was designed to promote usability to make it as easy as possible to write programs, strong type systems can cause a language to be difficult to use. In particular, ownership, typestate, and assets, which Obsidian uses to provide safety guarantees, have not seen broad adoption together in popular languages and result in significant usability challenges. We performed an empirical study with 20 participants comparing Obsidian to Solidity, which is the language most commonly used for writing smart contracts today. We observed that Obsidian participants were able to successfully complete more of the programming tasks than the Solidity participants. We also found that the Solidity participants commonly inserted asset-related bugs, which Obsidian detects at compile time.
Blockchain technology can be termed as a revolutionary innovation that has transformed the manner of data sharing by making it more secure and immutable. The existence of a mutual trust model which includes every participating entity makes it a widespread adopted technology in recent years. Due to i
This paper substantiates the selection of the most effective new economic and organizational tools, approaches and methods for national enterprises and regions of the mining industry that the Fourth industrial revolution offers. To this end, the role of the mining industry in the world in new conditions, its significance for Ukrainian economy and regions, areas, specializing in this field, are identified. A set of measures, which are based on the analysis of digital tools used by mining enterprises of the world, as well as on the study of the experience of applying advanced approaches and methods, have been offered for the development of the Ukrainian mining industry in conditions of the Fourth industrial revolution. This complex consists of proposals for enterprises of a technological and organizational feature, suggestions for government authorities, including of fiscal and monetary measures, and proposals for smart specialization in the Dnipropetrovsk region. It was defined that the most effective technologies for national enterprises are disruptive ones that ensure the creation of new equipment components and mechanisms, their smart technical maintenance, optimization of production process control, monitoring of health status and quality of safety. At the level of state authorities, it is advisable to introduce tax investment incentives, use traditional and alternative sources of financing, adhere federalism principles with respect to natural resources and fiscal decentralization, improve relations between mining enterprises and local jurisdictions using the capabilities of social ratings. At the regional level, it is proposed to build a regional industrial policy, based on conceptual foundations of smart specialization with the creation of a favourable market environment in the region through the use of soft fiscal and financial regulation tools, governmental R&D programs, and enabling conditions for the innovative development of the mining sector of the economy and its integration with other sectors.
Money is a widely accepted commodity, which enables us to determine the economic value of purchased goods and services and make payments. The dynamic development of technology and social expectations has expanded the spectrum of available types of payment instruments, including e-money and cryptocurrencies. Among dematerialized means of payment, cryptocurrencies began to play an important role due to their independence from central financial institutions and a highly effective form of saving money. The paper aims to present legal authorization, referring to cryptocurrencies, in countries of the European Union and prove that bitcoin is a high-riskу financial instrument. The methodology of the study was based on the review of available legal acts and literature (regarding the nature and function of money) and Value at Risk (VaR) model on the example of risk assessment of cryptocurrencies with respect to investing in the selected currencies. The outcomes showed several discrepancies in the definition of cryptocurrencies. They indicated that bitcoin, as one of the best-known cryptocurrencies, does not fulfill the functions of money formulated in economic theory (in relation to e-money). Besides, cryptocurrencies have been shown to be high-risky instruments.
The National Health System, being named unique in the Constitution because it refers to a set of elements, such as universalization, equity, integrality, decentralization and popular participation and which is in convergence with the Constitution of 1988 of the Federative Republic of Brazil, which states that health is a right of all and a duty of the State.Thus, with the creation of SUS, the entire Brazilian population now has the right to universal and free health care , financed with resources from the budgets of the Union, the States, the Federal District and the Municipalities, as regulated by article 195 of the Brazilian Constitution. It is noteworthy that SUS is one of the most powerful and important in the world and it serves about 220 million people. It is characterized by a foundation of three pillars: universality, integrality and equity.
European buildings are producing a massive amount of data from a wide spectrum of energy-related sources, such as smart meters’ data, sensors and other Internet of things devices, creating new research challenges. In this context, the aim of this paper is to present a high-level data-driven architecture for buildings data exchange, management and real-time processing. This multi-disciplinary big data environment enables the integration of cross-domain data, combined with emerging artificial intelligence algorithms and distributed ledgers technology. Semantically enhanced, interlinked and multilingual repositories of heterogeneous types of data are coupled with a set of visualization, querying and exploration tools, suitable application programming interfaces (APIs) for data exchange, as well as a suite of configurable and ready-to-use analytical components that implement a series of advanced machine learning and deep learning algorithms. The results from the pilot application of the proposed framework are presented and discussed. The data-driven architecture enables reliable and effective policymaking, as well as supports the creation and exploitation of innovative energy efficiency services through the utilization of a wide variety of data, for the effective operation of buildings.