Khandaker Mohammad Mohi Uddin, Sadia Mahamuda, Sikder Sajib Al Shahriar, Md. Ashraf Uddin
In recent times, various forms of crime have been happening worldwide.The law-and-order department of any country officially records a crime in electronic forms or on paper when the crime is reported by a victim or someone on behalf of the victim.The document that is prepared to file any perceptible committed crimes including dowry, kidnap, murder, rape, theft, and others is called First Information Report(FIR).Nowadays, online FIR also known as e-FIR has been used worldwide.Every day a number of e-FIR are filed, and they are maintained in a centralized database with the aid of third-party trust.Consequently, malicious entities including insiders and outsiders' dishonest personnel, and third-party authorities may tamper with e-FIR that questions the transparency and integrity of FIR reports.To address this exposure, in this paper, we propose a blockchain based FIR system to store all kinds of offense-related records to assure security, fidelity and privacy of FIR records.In this proposed system, the blockchain technology that refers to a decentralized and distributed ledger across peer-to-peer networks continually updates the shared ledger and strictly maintains synchronization among all network nodes.Though blockchain technology guarantees tamper-proof of the data, it cannot store a large amount of data due to the replication of ledger among all network nodes.To solve this issue, we adopt the Inter-Planetary File system (IPFS) protocol to store data in the blockchain.IPFS is a distributed file-sharing system that can be leveraged to store and share large files.The blockchain based FIR system has been tested on an Ethereum environment using blockchain and IPFS technology.
Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
In crowdsourcing systems, requesters publish tasks, and interested workers provide answers to get rewards. Worker anonymity motivates participation since it protects their privacy. Anonymity with unlinkability is an enhanced version of anonymity because it makes it impossible to ``link'' workers across the tasks they participate in. Another core feature of crowdsourcing systems is worker quality which expresses a worker's trustworthiness and quantifies their historical performance. Notably, worker quality depends on the participation history, revealing information about it, while unlinkability aims to disassociate the workers' identities from their past activity. In this work, we present AVeCQ, the first crowdsourcing system that reconciles these properties, achieving enhanced anonymity and verifiable worker quality updates. AVeCQ relies on a suite of cryptographic tools, such as zero-knowledge proofs, to (i) guarantee workers' privacy, (ii) prove the correctness of worker quality scores and task answers, and (iii) commensurate payments. AVeCQ is developed modularly, where the requesters and workers communicate over a platform that supports pseudonymity, information logging, and payments. In order to compare AVeCQ with the state-of-the-art, we prototype it over Ethereum. AVeCQ outperforms the state-of-the-art in three popular crowdsourcing tasks (image annotation, average review, and Gallup polls). For instance, for an Average Review task with $5$ choices and $128$ participating workers AVeCQ is 40\% faster (including overhead to compute and verify the necessary proofs and blockchain transaction processing time) with the task's requester consuming 87\% fewer gas units.
Siddhant Jain, P. Raghu Vamsi, Yashi Agarwal, Jayant Goel
In this paper, we present the design and development of a collaborative knowledge-sharing platform with Blockchain based smart contracts (CodeBlockS) to help increase the trust and efficiency of how developers find the solution to their problems or try to learn new things.The popularity of Question-and-Answer websites such as StackOverflow, Ask, and Yahoo, as well as online course websites like as Udemy, is gradually expanding.Given this increased popularity, the quality and efficiency of user interaction must be improved such that users can try to connect with each other, ask questions about technical problems they are experiencing, or if they want to learn a topic in exchange for a fee and potentially collaborate on a project, or simply share their thoughts on a topic and improve their knowledge and network at the same time.Because these contracts will contain money, CodeBlockS has employed Ethereum Blockchain-based smart contracts to manage the data and money, as blockchain-based smart contracts are immutable and handle payments very securely.In general, social networking websites there are very few people sharing valuable knowledge and many people sharing worthless, time-consuming content that creates distraction.With the CodeBlockS system, developers find the solution to their problems or try to learn new things, and users can share their thoughts and learning on the platform.The platform also provides inbuilt smart contracts functionality using which two users can create a contract where one user will teach or solve doubt of the other user and receive fees towards service rendered.
The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has captured the attention of various smart farming industries in recent years by connecting physical objects of smart farms over the internet so that they can be discovered and queried globally using Enterprise Application Software (EAS). This continuous transmission and processing poses a significant challenge in dealing with the massive amount of Big-Data being gathered and disseminated. As more applications use cloud platforms to increase storage capacity by storing Big-Data on an untrusted cloud server, data security precautions should be taken. However, with the rapid increase in the number of IIoT devices and EAS end-users and their diverse categories, the existing device authentication mechanisms in IIoT suffer from single factor authentication and poor adaptability. In light of the security requirements in IIoT Big-Data sharing using untrusted cloud servers, we present in this paper a sustainable Ethereum merge-based Big-Data gathering and dissemination in IIoT system. Extensive theoretical and simulation results validate data gathering with a business incentive mechanism with a proper data propagation threshold is an important parameter for determining equilibrium and analysing dynamic properties of IIoT system, which directly affects data processing speed and its final state. The Ethereum merge mechanism controls data dissemination instances in both the industry and EAS through classification and integrity verification using distributed authentication devices. Proof-of-stake is used for this purpose, which uses randomly selected validators to confirm transactions and add new ledgers to consortium blockchains to transfer data using partial secrets, making it fast, secure, and sustainable. Our proposed scheme outperforms other state-of-the-art schemes in simulation over Hyperledger Fabric with improved security measures.
This work proposes the developing of a blockchain smart contract and the formal creation of Non-Fungible Plant Variety (NFPV) by tokenizing such a real-world asset. The NFPV enables complete transparency of the seed market by establishing an unprecedented relationship between the breeder of the plant variety and the acquirer of the seed of such plant variety. Each digital token of an NFPV is backed by a seed unit of the same real-world variety produced that year by the breeder. A digital token of an NFPV cannot exist without the backing of a seed unit of the same variety, nor vice versa. Purchasers of the NFPV will have the opportunity to bid in the ICO (initial coin offering) for the purpose of determining the valuation price of the NFPV and its copy in case of seed save and use, the base price of which will be the real-world production value of the seed containing the variety. The transaction will be made through the standard for non-fungible tokens (NFT) in the Ethereum ERC-721 network using the Solidity language, the transaction being credited with the network's cryptocurrency Ether (ETH) and the MetaMask virtual wallet or digital purse. The work described here is the creation and commercialization of the seed of an NFPV, a concept that is perfectly in line with the obligations of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) and the system of intellectual protection of the Union internationale pour la Protection des Obtentions Végétales (UPOV). NFPVs may be particularly relevant in the case of specialty crops.
Metrological traceability is essential to ensure the reliability of calibration tests. Calibration certificates usually include information on only one upper-level reference standard. As metrological traceability is multi-layered, generally there is no method available for end users to instantly confirm the traceability from the reference standard to a primary standard. This study focuses on the Ethereum blockchain, which has both tamper resistance and high availability, as a digital data management method. To improve the transparency and reliability of calibration tests, a smart contract that traces back to the primary standard is proposed. Consequently, it is confirmed that end users can instantly obtain traceability information. In addition, the execution of smart contracts requires transaction fees. Here, the calculation of the transaction fees is organized, and the traceability management system is discussed from a cost-effective perspective in the field of metrology.
Son yıllarda riskleri ve getirileri ile dikkat çeken yüksek oynaklık içeren kripto piyasasında, kripto paraların birbirleri ile olan etkileşimi yatırımcıların portföy kararları için önemli unsur olmuştur. Kripto paralar, yatırım portföyünde bir çeşitlendirme aracı ya da alternatif yatırımlara karşı hedge unsuru olarak görülmüştür. Bu makalede Bitcoin, Binance, Cardano, Dogecoin, Ripple, Ethereum ve IOTA para birimlerinin haftalık kapanış fiyatlarını içeren 231 gözlem kullanılarak, kripto paraların kendi aralarındaki doğrusal olmayan dinamik ilişkiler araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla, kriptolar arasında doğrusal olmayan uzun dönemli ilişkiler ve nedensel ilişkiler sorgulanmıştır. Çoğu kripto paranın birbirleri ile yüksek ve pozitif korelasyona sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ekonometrik bulgular, Bitcoin ile Ethereum arasında uzun dönemli ilişkinin ve Bitcoin ile diğer para birimleri arasında karşılıklı etkileşimin olduğu yönündedir. Bulgular, kripto para piyasasının yüksek oynaklık içerdiği dönemlerde, yatırımcıların kripto para birimleri arasında riskten korunmada zorluk yaşayabileceği anlamına taşımaktadır. Diğer bir ifadeyle, kripto para piyasasının kendi içindeki çeşitlendirme çabasının yatırımcılara getireceği faydasının sınırlı kalacağı da bu çalışmanın diğer bir bulgusudur.
Na Hyeon Park, Hanna Kim, Chanhee Lee, Changhoon Yoon · 7 authors
NFT (Non-fungible Token) has drastically increased in its size, accounting for over \$16.9B of total market capitalization. Despite the rapid growth of NFTs, this market has not been examined thoroughly from a financial perspective. In this paper, we conduct methodical analyses to identify NFT market movers who play a significant role in potentially manipulating and oscillating NFT values. We collect over 3.8M NFT transaction data from the Ethereum Blockchain from January 2021 to February 2022 to extract trading information in line with the NFT lifecycle: (i) mint, (ii) transfer/sale, and (iii) burn. Based on the size of held NFT values, we classify NFT traders into three groups (whales, dolphins, and minnows). In total, we analyze 430K traders from 91 different NFT collection sources. We find that the top 0.1\% of NFT traders (i.e., whales) drive the NFT market with consistent, high returns. We then identify and characterize the NFT whales' unique investment strategies (e.g., mint/sale patterns, wash trading) to empirically understand the whales in the NFT market for the first time.
Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) allows the maintenance of a continuously growing ledger in a peer-to-peer network. Nodes participating in the network require significant computational power and memory to download and verify the ledger. To solve this problem, light clients were developed to verify the integrity of the ledger by downloading only a subset of the ledger, but they are vulnerable to malicious influence. The thesis presents Aurora, a set of three stochastic algorithms that add trustlessness to DLT networks by analyzing the network structure and discovering sets that contain honest nodes that can be used for future interactions. The solution allows a new node to join the network and initiate ledger download with an honest node, or to check the presence of a transaction without downloading the entire ledger or a subset of the ledger. The work provides a comprehensive overview of DLT, pseudocode for the solution, and an evaluation procedure using open-source DLT simulation tools. Furthermore, the solution was integrated into Trinity, a Python-based DLT client for the Ethereum network, and was evaluated on the Ethereum production network, consuming approximately 0.31 MB of RAM and 1 MB of storage at runtime. The proposed solution outperforms other state-of-the-art solutions and can be deployed on resource-constrained devices. It incentivizes users to interact with the ledger in a trustless manner. Overview of scientific contribution: 1. A new probabilistic honest set creation algorithm 2. A new probabilistic transaction history synchronization algorithm 3. A new probabilistic transaction presence checking algorithm 4. A new evaluation procedure in a resource constrained environment
Lucas Moscatel de Andrade, Ana Caroline Rodrigues Madureira, Wilker José Caminha dos Santos, Thiago Nicolau Magalhães de Souza Conte
O artigo visa analisar o processo de cunhagem de forma digital de uma criptomoeda derivada da Ethereum, este trabalho tem como objetivo evidenciar a redução do consumo de energia na criação dessa criptomoeda. O presente artigo contribui também para o crescimento de trabalhos que serão futuramente realizados no segmento de cripto ativos. Posto isso, este estudo aborda todas as etapas relativas à criação, que teve as seguintes fases desde a abertura de uma carteira digital para o armazenamento, até a cunhagem definindo a quantidade e a rede como base para a constituição de uma criptomoeda. A metodologia utilizada foi a do método qualitativo, este método descreve o conhecimento empírico que envolve o conceito e definições das novas tecnologias de cripto ativos. Foi possível concluir que, das redes analisadas no processo de cunhagem e consumo energético a Ethereum contribui de forma mais benéfica para seus usuários e meio ambiente. Para concluir tais benefícios a Ethereum passará a suportar 100 mil transações por segundo na versão 2.0, ademais, precisará de menor poder computacional para a validação, também visa eficiência na energia necessária para validação das operações, o que ocasiona menos energia elétrica gasta, logo, há muito menos consumo energético, além disso de forma mais concreta, descentralização e valorização de preço.
Sheng Li, Guanyi Wang, Gang Li, Can Wu · 5 authors
<sec> <title>UNSTRUCTURED</title> CryptoKitties, a trendy game on Ethereum which is an open-source public blockchain platform with a smart contract function, brought non-fungible tokens (NFTs) into the public eye in 2017. NFTs are popular because of their non-fungible properties and their unique and irreplaceable nature in the real world. The embryonic form of NFTs can be traced back to a P2P network protocol improved based on Bitcoin in 2012 that can realize decentralized virtual asset transactions. At present, NFTs have gained more attention and have shown an unprecedented explosive growth trend. We aimed to introduce the concept of digital asset NFTs into the medical and health field to conduct a subversive discussion on biobank operations. By converting biomedical data into NFTs, the collection and circulation of samples can be accelerated, and the transformation of resources can be promoted so the biobank can achieve sustainable development through “decentralization.” </sec>
Decentralized video sharing structures are much like video sharing structures wherein creators post content material and customers view it. However, the primary distinction lies withinside the community in the back of the decentralized video sharing platform. A peer-to-peer (P2P) community of decentralized video sharing structures helps the steady switch of files. To make sure speedy facts switch, facts is break up into smaller blocks for less complicated switch and download, making sure quicker downloads and browsing. The decentralized video sharing platform transfers facts over a P2P community, however with an extra layer of blockchain era encryption. Less operational value, higher fault tolerance, much less consider necessities among garage carriers and facts owners, and much less vulnerability to attacks. An occasion in blockchain era has delivered a decentralized garage mode to the public. Video transcoding is extensively carried out in video streaming commerce, changing films into a couple of codecs for extraordinary audiences.
Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
By now, cryptocurrencies have almost become a part of the modern financial asset space, but the cryptocurrency market itself is not homogeneous, and individual cryptocurrencies can differ significantly in their properties and functions. For example, the cryptocurrency Ether is second in capitalization after Bitcoin, but the Ethereum and Bitcoin blockchains differ significantly in their properties and functions. In particular, Ethereum is the most popular digital platform for creating decentralized applications (dApps). The purpose of this work is to try to answer the question "Does the market take into account the features of the Ethereum blockchain in the price dynamics of the Ether cryptocurrency?" This question is also directly related to the search for potential fundamental factors that can explain the price dynamics of Ether. The main econometric method used in the study is generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) models. Having evaluated about 15 thousand different specifications of GARCH models, where various Ethereum blockchain usage metrics were used as explanatory variables, we obtained the results that Ethereum network usage metrics do not significantly correlate with Ether cryptocurrency returns. Moreover, these metrics are also unable to explain the relative strengthening/weakening of Ether relative to Bitcoin. Thus, we conclude that despite the presence of a number of special functional properties of the Ethereum blockchain, the price dynamics of the Ether cryptocurrency does not reflect them.
Oana Oprişan, Ana Maria Barzecu, Ana-Maria Dumitrache Șerbănescu
This paper, entitled "Cryptocurrency Trading", is a research study covering theoretical and practical notions about cryptocurrencies and their trading in financial markets.We chose this topic because cryptocurrencies and the technology behind them have revolutionised the financial sector and even now, after a period of time since their emergence and a period of time in which they have been used, cryptocurrencies raise some questions.The main objective of this paper is to show that, in the financial markets, cryptocurrencies are assets that promise a high return, i.e. a good short-term investment.The specific objectives have been highlighted by elaborating a study presenting the ways in which cryptocurrencies are traded in the financial markets and by conducting an analysis on them.The aim of this paper is to show that cryptocurrencies Bitcoin,Ethereum and ADA are the most popular and show functionality and market capitalization.
The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT), particularly in critical infrastructures, necessitates strict security and privacy standards.Owing to data proliferation, Cyber-physical systems (CPS) rely on computing platforms for the provision of services and resources.The futuristic "Beyond 5G" (B5G) enabled critical IoT infrastructures cannot run on centralized systems due to their security vulnerabilities that compromise the basic Confidentiality-Integrity-Availability (CIA) triad.Blockchain technology (BCT) is emerging as a key enabler in addressing IoT's security challenges, and it is compliant with the Fog-IoT architecture.The Ethereum platform has ushered an unprecedented development in BCT by facilitating application development.Blockchain (BC) connects the users' chain identity to the transactions associated with their tokenized digital assets and confers the ability to audit the system.The history of canonical transactions is recorded in an immutable fashion facilitating data tracking and deterrence of data repudiation.A Consensus mechanism (CM) governs the state transitions and the node behavior in building trust relationships between various entities in the absence of a central authority.Through Smart Contracts(SCs), distributed and trustworthy access control can be achieved for IoT systems besides enhancing automation.We argue that BCT adoption is inevitable in securing futuristic B5G enabled IoT critical infrastructures for ensuring flexible and fine-grained access control, authentication, communication, and data security.Various challenges are associated with their adoption, such as the rising cost of Ethereum and constraints in the IoT environment.To facilitate BC solutions for IoT security, the functionality of BCT must be complemented with other technologies such as Machine Learning (ML), Edge Computing (EC), and InterPlanetary Filesystem(IPFS).
Hanna Kim, Jian Cui, Eugene Jang, Chanhee Lee · 7 authors
As Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) continue to grow in popularity, NFT users have become targets of phishing attacks by cybercriminals, called \textit{NFT drainers}. Over the last year, \$100 million worth of NFTs were stolen by drainers, and their presence remains a serious threat to the NFT trading space. However, no work has yet comprehensively investigated the behaviors of drainers in the NFT ecosystem. In this paper, we present the first study on the trading behavior of NFT drainers and introduce the first dedicated NFT drainer detection system. We collect 127M NFT transaction data from the Ethereum blockchain and 1,135 drainer accounts from five sources for the year 2022. We find that drainers exhibit significantly different transactional and social contexts from those of regular users. With these insights, we design \textit{DRAINCLoG}, an automatic drainer detection system utilizing Graph Neural Networks. This system effectively captures the multifaceted web of interactions within the NFT space through two distinct graphs: the NFT-User graph for transaction contexts and the User graph for social contexts. Evaluations using real-world NFT transaction data underscore the robustness and precision of our model. Additionally, we analyze the security of \textit{DRAINCLoG} under a wide variety of evasion attacks.
Public interest in cryptocurrencies and NFTs has increased since the Covid-19 pandemic, especially for artists and art lovers. The function of NFTs is to apply the usability of credits or royalties to a work. Hic et Nunc is an alternative marketplace that is known to be environmentally friendly compared to other Ethereum-based marketplaces that are known for high gas fees and ecological issues. Unfortunately, in the midst of its popularity, Hic Et Nunc was discontinued without any warning and its website is no longer accessible. This situation created sites that mirrored Hic Et Nunc such as objkt.com or henext.xyz. This research discusses the factors that make art collectors have loyalty to Hic Et Nunc by staying and not switching to the dominant market location. The research method was based on a descriptive qualitative approach with in-depth interviews with 3 informants, all of whom are active art collectors and loyal to the Hic Et Nunc marketplace. Based on consumer behaviour theory and market theory, the results stated that collectors are influenced by their work, social and cultural environment. Besides, the factors for choosing Hic et Nunc as a marketplace include being an alternative platform to the dominance of Ethereum, a digital investment medium and recognition by the social environment.Keywords: NFTs, Hic et Nunc, Collectors, Marketplaces
Sebastian Holler, Sebastian Biewer, Clara Schneidewind
The cryptocurrency Ethereum is the most widely used execution platform for smart contracts. Smart contracts are distributed applications, which govern financial assets and, hence, can implement advanced financial instruments, such as decentralized exchanges or autonomous organizations (DAOs). Their financial nature makes smart contracts an attractive attack target, as demonstrated by numerous exploits on popular contracts resulting in financial damage of millions of dollars. This omnipresent attack hazard motivates the need for sound static analysis tools, which assist smart contract developers in eliminating contract vulnerabilities a priori to deployment. Vulnerability assessment that is sound and insightful for EVM contracts is a formidable challenge because contracts execute low-level bytecode in a largely unknown and potentially hostile execution environment. So far, there exists no provably sound automated analyzer that allows for the verification of security properties based on program dependencies, even though prevalent attack classes fall into this category. In this work, we present HoRStify, the first automated analyzer for dependency properties of Ethereum smart contracts based on sound static analysis. HoRStify grounds its soundness proof on a formal proof framework for static program slicing that we instantiate to the semantics of EVM bytecode. We demonstrate that HoRStify is flexible enough to soundly verify the absence of famous attack classes such as timestamp dependency and, at the same time, performant enough to analyze real-world smart contracts.
Purpose – The emergence of blockchain and decentralized financial technology have been reshaping various aspects of economies, opening a wider spectrum for research communities. In finance, Blockchain has provided effective applications such as tokens, initial coin offerings, crowdfunding, smart contracts, prediction market systems, and digital currencies such as Bitcoin and Ethereum. This article aims to provide a brief overview of these two types of digital assets (cryptocurrency and NFT) and their potential. It gives brief information about these and on the other hand, tries to convey the prominent concerns of the financial markets. Methodology - This study reviews digital assets through the literature. Findings - The growing popularity and prevalence of digital assets such as cryptocurrencies and non-fungible tokens reveals that existing financial ecosystems are in many cases unable to respond to citizens' needs and concerns. The capabilities of digital assets in financial markets are increasing day by day and they are entering the game from simple to complex financial transactions. Cryptocurrencies stand out especially with their ability to handle more efficient online transactions, lower costs and simplified payment processes. Conclusion – Cryptocurrencies meet an increased level of efficiency in commerce and value exchange over the Internet. Non-fungible tokens, on the other hand, stand out with their ability to acquire a presence in the digital world, to be unique, and to be easily transferred. In particular, the financial indicators cited in this article give the impression that the interest in decentralized finance technologies will continue to increase, based on the potential of these two digital assets. Keywords: Digital finance, blockchain, decentralized finance, information systems JEL Codes: F00, F30, M00, O10
In this work, we introduce the private, anonymous, collateralizable commitments (PACCs) framework. PACCs allow any smart contract wallet holder to collateralize a claim, request, or commitment in general, in a private and anonymous manner. PACCs can prove arbitrarily much or little about the wallet generating the commitment, and/or the transaction which is being committed. We demonstrate that PACCs can be applied to effectively eliminate maximal-extractable value (MEV) in DeFi where it currently occurs, shifting MEV instead to censorship. After describing our protocol with detail, we provide an implementation using the Ethereum blockchain, and whose benchmarks prove how PACCs are completely feasible.
S. Thangamayan, Kalyani Pradhan, Ganesh Babu Loganathan, S. Sitender · 6 authors
The typical food traceability system’s data layer is made up of relational databases managed by core businesses, which cannot ensure data security. It is inefficient and requires a lot of upkeep. The food supply chain has numerous actors, making it difficult for consumers to safeguard their rights when purchasing food with quality issues. Due to the numerous organizations involved in the food supply chain, food safety monitoring and traceability have become challenging. The supply chain’s major organizations have control and administrative authority over the data under the current food traceability system, which is overly centralized for traceability information. The safety and dependability of food may be ensured by using the food traceability system to track food information. We can witness a series of detailed insights into food from the manufacturing source to the consumption terminal. A blockchain-based food tracking system is created as a solution to these issues. On the Ethereum platform, the system was created. It was also employed in the blockchain system, in addition to its features of decentralization, tamper-proof, and traceability. To implement the data update service and the food recall function, introduce the Food and Drug Administration node. Consumers have the option to not only enquire about food traceability throughout the manufacturing process but also to file complaints regarding the traceability system’s rights protection.
Alaa Haddad, Mohamed Hadi Habaebi, Fakher Eldin M. Suliman, Elfatih A. A. Elsheikh · 6 authors
Accessing healthcare services by several stakeholders for diagnosis and treatment has become quite prevalent owing to the improvement in the industry and high levels of patient mobility. Due to the confidentiality and high sensitivity of electronic healthcare records (EHR), the majority of EHR data sharing is still conducted via fax or mail because of the lack of systematic infrastructure support for secure and reliable health data transfer, delaying the process of patient care. As a result, it is critically essential to provide a framework that allows for the efficient exchange and storage of large amounts of medical data in a secure setting. The objective of this research is to develop a Patient-Centered Blockchain-Based EHR Management (PCEHRM) system that allows patients to manage their healthcare records across multiple stakeholders and to facilitate patient privacy and control without the need for a centralized infrastructure by means of granting or revoking access or viewing one’s records. We used an Ethereum blockchain and IPFS (inter-planetary file system) to store records because of its advantage of being distributed and ensuring the immutability of records and allowing for the decentralized storage of medical metadata, such as medical reports. To achieve secure a distributed, and trustworthy access control policy, we proposed an Ethereum smart contract termed the patient-centric access control protocol. We demonstrate how the PCEHRM system design enables stakeholders such as patients, labs, researchers, etc., to obtain patient-centric data in a distributed and secure manner and integrate utilizing a web-based interface for the patient and all users to initiate the EHR sharing transactions. Finally, we tested the proposed framework in the Windows environment by compiling a smart contract prototype using Truffle and deploy on Ethereum using Web3. The proposed system was evaluated in terms of the projected medical data storage costs for the IPFS on blockchain, and the execution time for a different number of peers and document sizes. The findings of the study indicate that the proposed strategy is both efficient and practicable.