The logical consequence of the concept of regional autonomy is the presence of fiscal decentralization. The independence of rural communities in the formulation of programs for the administration of governance and development at the village level becomes the space of urgency of village financial management, because substantially, through the enormous financial support Central Government, Provincial Government and Regency / City Government, the village is required to be able to organize governance and development implementation properly and correctly. Furthermore, increasing public demand for good governance has encouraged the central government and regional governments to implement public accountability. Krina describes accountability as a principle that guarantees that every administration activity can be accounted openly by the perpetrator to those affected by the implementation of the policy. Based on the problem, the paper builds on literature reviews covering various dimensions of Open Government and its applicability to village finance to build the empirical evidence and the frameworks. \nKeywords—Transparency, Village Finance system, Open \nGovernment Partnership
<p><em>The purpose of this study was to determine the level of financial capability in Pamekasan in order to support the implementation of regional autonomy. This study took place in the Finance and Asset Management Agency Pamekasan </em><em>regency</em><em>. While the data used in this study is the financial data in the budget Finance and Asset Management Agency Regions 2011-2015 fiscal year. The data collection techniques is to study literature and documentation</em></p><p><em>This research method is descriptive quantitative, using financial ratios, ie the ratio of local financial independence, the ratio of the degree of decentralization, local financial dependency ratios. </em></p><em>The results of the analysis conducted of data obtained as follows: Based on the ratio of local financial independence shown by the average ratios are 36.53%% remained between 25% - 50% are categorized as instructive meaningful relationship patterns Pamekasan government's ability to meet funding needed to perform the duties of Government, Development and Social Services community is still relatively low despite the years has increased and decreased. The degree of decentralization ratio only has an average of 6.4%. this means that the level of financial independence still low Pamekasan in implementing autonomy. Based on the area of financial dependency ratios averaging 19% are in scale interval, 10.01 to 20.00% this means that This means revenue (PAD) has a dependency large enough to cover immediate expenses and Pamekasan government still depends on the source financial receipts from central government and provincial transfers.</em>
<p>Di Indonesia, bitcoin merupakan bentuk mata uang digital (e-money) dan alat transaksi pembayaran yang sudah digunakan oleh sebagian masyarakat. Hal tersebut perlu mendapatkan perhatian, khususnya dari Bank Indonesia. Lain dari pada itu, pengawasan yang dulu sepenuhnya dilakukan oleh bank sentral yaitu Bank Indonesia, sekarang diambil alih oleh OJK (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan). Sehingga Bank Indonesia pun hanya memiliki wewenang untuk mengatur dan mengontrol peredaran mata uang saja. Sejak sebagian tugas dan wewenang Bank Indonesia diambil alih oleh OJK (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan), banyak hal yang belum tercover seperti adanya fenomena baru dalam bidang keuangan dalam hal permodalan, investasi, peredaran mata uang, dan lain-lain. Selain belum ada payung hukum terhadap bitcoin, yaitu semakin merebaknya transaksi yang menggunakan bitcoin yang dilakukan dalam transaksi e-commerce. Sehingga dari segi keamananannya juga perlu dipertanyakan, maka dari itu perlu ada regulasi dan pengawasan secara khusus terhadap bitcoin, dan masyarakat tidak akan merasa dirugikan. Jika dilihat dalam perspektif hukum Islam, bahwa yang berkaitan dengan penerbitan uang sebagai alat transaksi di suatu negara, merupakan masalah yang dilindungi oleh kaidah-kaidah umum dalam syari’at Islam. Oleh sebab itu, penerbitan uang dan penentuan jumlahnya merupakan hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan kemaslahatan umat. Aspek lain yang menjadi pertimbangan dalam penggunaan bitcoin yaitu apakah dari sisi kemadharatannya yang lebih besar ataukah manfaatnya yang diambil jika digunakan sebagai mata uang dan alat transaksi, bahkan sebagai komoditas sekalipun. Sehingga yang menjadi fokus dalam penelitian ini adalah penggunaan bitcoin sebagai mata uang (currency) dan alat transaksi dengan menggunakan pendekatan dan pengkajian hukum Islam.</p>
The development of the virtual world has penetrated the world of national borders. Not only unlimited distances but applicable laws in cyberspace are increasingly not bound by the laws of the state. In buying and selling in cyberspace, especially the internet, money that is used is no longer monotone in currency issued by a particular country but has created a payment system that does not require legitimacy of a country. The most phenomenal emergence of Bitcoin is that its use as currency in a purchase transaction has been appointed exceeds a country's currency. Several countries in the world have determined stance against the imposition of BitCoin, some accept and some refuse. Indonesia has not determined a clear stance for the development of new Bitcoin in Indonesia limited to the internet world and not stray into the real world. Keyword : Relevance, Law no. 7 In 2011, the Virtual Currency, Phenomenon, BitCoin, Indonesia
Decentralization is one of the authorities given to the region in managing their own household. Villages are considered as areas that have an important role in assessing the success of a state. For that is needed to be a independence for the village in managing its own finance. One of the authorities is trough the village fund allocation. The village fund allocation is the financial gain of the village from the district trough the village stash. The village fund allocation is very important because the policy of the village fund allocation is in line with the regional autonomy agenda where the village is the basis of Decentralization. However, in the course of the village fund allocation still found the problems of not achieving the objectives of its in financing the empowerment and development of the village, because the village fund allocation is only used as a source of income for the village head and village apparatuses plus no control of the village community. For that, its needed the supervision of the village community itself.
As an implementation of decentralized development, village financial management (VFM) is a financing model in a way to closer the needs of development at the village level. Theoretically, the successful objectives achievement of this authority delegation is if VFM can be done efficiently and effectively. This study aimed to analyze these efficiency and effectiveness of VFM and analyze factors inhibiting. The results showed that 1) VFM in Asahan district has not implemented both efficiently and effectively that shown from the weak implementation of both good governance principles and continuous improvement and, 2) Factors inhibiting the efficiency and effectiveness of VFM are, (i) lack of musrenbang transparency specifically the quality of information, access to information, the transparency mechanism of information and the level of information disclosure, (ii) lack of budgeting transparency, in particular the level of information disclosure, access to information and quality of information, (iii) lack of supervision transparency in particular the level of transparency, information quality and information access, (iv) the weak of oversight participation, especially the satisfaction level of participation and involve the community, and (v) lack of monitoring accountability in particular public complaints mechanism, access to the audit report and the responsibility structure.
<em>The growth of national economy encourages a significant change in the financial sector, especially a means of payment. Starting from the barter, the means then changes to be the goods or commodities, and finally the metal and paper as a raw material of money. The form of money as a means of payment continuously changes namely in the form of checks and transfer form that allow payment through transferring funds from the account balances among financial institutions, especially the banks. The economic need continuously grows so that it shifts the ways of trade transactions from conventional to internet based one that is known as e-commerce. One of the International online payment means required in an e-commerce transaction is Bitcoin. Bitcoin is an electronic coin that uses a system of peer-to-peer network that is open source. Bitcoin is not a virtual coin and not the legal means of payment in Indonesia. The legal means in Indonesia is the rupiah. It has been described in Article 1 section (2) of Act No. 7 of 2011 on Currencies that the the coin used for payment transactions in Indonesia is the rupiah.</em>
Abstract. The Contribution of Islamic Banking on the Banten Economy. The development of Islamic banking in Banten can be seen from the four aspects, such as amount of assets, DPK, financing and credit risks. Even indicates the good growth, but the performance of Islamic banking from the total banking in Banten region is still relatively small. Until the fourth quarter of 2013, the share of Islamic banking assets in Banten only reached 6.78 percent of total banking assets in the province of Banten. Likewise, the share of Islamic banking on third party funds amounted only 5.20 percent. While the financing extended by the Islamic banking in Banten province amounted only 7.61 percent of total bank credit in Banten Province. This research was conducted with a view to determine the contribution of Islamic banking to increase PDRB Banten Province. This research uses 60 samples, including monthly data from January 2009 until December 2013 consisted of PDRB Banten, DPK and financing Islamic banking in Banten. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression with the help of software eviews. The results showed that the DPK data processing and financing not partial effect on PDRB increase in Banten. However DPK and financing jointly/ simultaneous effect on PDRB Banten. Figures determination coefficient of 53% shows the value of the contribution of Islamic banking and finance sector generally, to the economic progress of Banten. The remaining 47% was contributed by other sectors that are not included in this study. The high contribution of Islamic banking to Banten’s economy must be supported by the preparation of adequate infrastructure, especially concerned to improve the quality and quantity of human resources in the Islamic economics and finance area. Beside that, we must give the encouragement to the government of Banten in order to increase the proportion of decentralized funds placement in Islamic financial institutions.Abstrak. Kontribusi Perbankan Syariah Terhadap Perekonomian Banten. Perkembangan perbankan syariah di Banten dapat dilihat dari empat aspek, yaitu jumlah aset, DPK, pembiayaan dan resiko kredit. Meski terus menunjukkan perkembangan yang baik, namun kinerja perbankan syariah terhadap total perbankan di wilayah Banten masih relatif kecil. Sampai triwulan IV 2013, pangsa aset perbankan syariah di Banten baru mencapai 6,78 persen dari total aset perbankan di wilayah Provinsi Banten. Demikian juga dengan pangsa penghimpunan DPK perbankan syariah hanya sebesar 5,20 persen. Sementara itu pembiayaan yang disalurkan oleh perbankan syariah di Provinsi Banten hanya sebesar 7,61 persen dari total kredit perbankan di Provinsi Banten. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan maksud untuk mengetahui kontribusi perbankan syariah terhadap peningkatan PDRB Provinsi Banten. Riset ini menggunakan 60 sampel, meliputi data bulanan sejak Januari 2009 sampai Desember 2013 terdiri dari PDRB Banten, DPK dan pembiayaan perbankan syariah di Banten. Teknik analisis data menggunakan regresi linier berganda dengan bantuan software eviews. Hasil pengolahan data menunjukkan bahwa DPK dan pembiayaan tidak berpengaruh secara parsial terhadap peningkatan PDRB Banten. Namun DPK dan pembiayaan secara bersama-sama/ simultan berpengaruh terhadap PDRB Banten. Angka koefisien determinasi sebesar 53% menunjukkan nilai kontribusi perbankan syariah, dan umumnya sektor keuangan, terhadap kemajuan perekonomian Banten. Sisanya 47% disumbangkan oleh sektor lain yang tidak dimasukkan dalam penelitian ini. Tingginya kontribusi perbankan syariah terhadap perekonomian Banten harus direspon dengan penyiapan infrastruktur yang memadai, terutama berkaitan dengan peningkatan kualitas dan kuantitas sumber daya manusia yang menguasai bidang ekonomi dan keuangan Islam. Diperlukan juga dorongan untuk Pemprov Banten agar meningkatkan proporsi penempatan dana desentralisasi di lembaga keuangan syariah.
Perkembangan teknologi informasi dan didukung pula dengan teknologi komputer yang semakin canggih serta adanya jaringan internet yang menciptakan terkoneksinya perangkat-perangkat komputer baik berbentuk personal komputer maupun super komputer sehingga terciptanya aktivitas bisnis dengan teknologi jaringan internet atau disebut electronic commerce (e-commerce). Maka dari sinilah lahir pula mata uang virtual dunia maya (virtual currency) dengan konsep nilai berdasarkan supply dan demand serta mudah, praktis dan efisien dalam melakukan transaksi perdagangan maupun bisnis lainnya. Namun dampak terbesar dalam transaksi online seperti ini diantaranya adalah penipuan, pencurian dan kerugian yang akan dialami pengguna secara tidak wajar. \nBerangkat dari masalah di atas ada beberapa permasalahan yang dirumuskan untuk mengetahui analisis jual-beli bitcoin di dunia maya yaitu meliputi bagaimana analisis undang-undang tentang mata uang terhadap alat tukar bitcoin dan prespektif hukum Islam terhadap jual-beli bitcoin di dunia maya. Penyusun memilih tempat penelitian tersebut di website bitcoin exchanger (www.vip.bitcoin.co.id.) \nDalam menelusuri, menjelaskan dan menyimpulkan objek pembahasan pada skripsi ini. Penyusun menempuh metode jenis penelitian lapangan di dunia maya dengan menggunakan metode observasi partisipasif lengkap dimana peneliti menjadi bagian dalam aktivitas pada sumber data yang diteliti. Untuk mendapatkan informasi secara akurat, aktual dan terpercaya. Penyusun melakukan beberapa metode pengumpulan data yakni menggunakan metode wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi yang selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. \nDari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan yakni analisis Undang-Undang No 7 Tahun 2011 Tentang Mata uang, bahwa bitcoin yang dijadikan alat tukar dalam pembayaran di Negara Indonesia ini termasuk melanggar undang-undang karena undang-undang sudah mengatur mengenai alat pembayaran yang sah di Indonesia. Penggunaan bitcoin tidak dijadikan sebagai alat tukar atau hanya sebagai komoditas ini tidak dipermasalahkan secara yuridis karena tidak ada peraturan yang mengatur maupun melarang dari OJK atau Bank Indonesia terhadap bitcoin. Akan tetapi terkait resiko seperti kehilangan dan kerugian itu ditanggung sendiri oleh penggunanya sebagaimana siaran pers “Pernyataan Bank Indonesia Terkait Bitcoin dan Virtual Currency Lainnya” No: 16/ 6 /DKom. Dalam prespektif hukum Islam bitcoin yang dijadikan sebagai alat tukar maupun alat investasi diharamkan. Sebab praktek yang terjadi terdapat unsur gharar dan maisir, serta menghindari kemadharatan yang dapat terjadi pada pengguna.