T. Sheeba, S Hemanth, Devaraj Verma C, A. N. Arularasan · 5 authors
Blockchain security via the Internet of Things (IoT) will reshape the decision-making function of the data-driven incumbent smart enterprise, providing the vision of the connected world of things. Enterprise IoT development of devices, personnel, and systems in such a way that they may connect and communicate with each other through the Internet. Blockchain is an enterprise financial transaction, and its digital network is distributed transaction ledger. Today, enterprises need the massive global data management and rapid trading volume to keep things going and growing. It creates enterprise business challenges of different types of security, transparency, and complexity of the problem. Enterprise architecture offers several advantages for the thief to obtain a specific user account, application, and access to the device. This is, will doesn't be to provide the necessities of security. The proposed Digital Hash Data Encryption (DHDE) is used to secure the transaction data-based embedded system people and blockchain. Blockchain and IoT technology integration may bring numerous benefits to mention. Therefore, the proposed DHDE algorithm comprehensively discusses the blockchain technology integration system. The proposed DHDE algorithm encrypts the transaction data for an unauthorized person who cannot access the enterprise transaction data based on embedded system people and blockchain.
Bipasha Sarker, Numair Bin Sharif, Mohammad Atikur Rahman, A. H. M. Shahariar Parvez
The healthcare industry is adopting new technologies such as AI, IoMT, and blockchain to enhance patient outcomes, reduce costs, and improve operational efficiencies. These technologies can revolutionize healthcare by facilitating personalized patient-focused care, improving clinical outcomes, and reducing expenses. However, the implementation of these technologies requires collaboration between healthcare providers, technology companies, and regulatory bodies to ensure patient privacy and data security. This study explores the role of AI, IoMT, and blockchain in public healthcare and their current applications, obstacles, and future research areas. It emphasizes the advantages that these technologies bring to the IoT and the difficulties involved in their implementation.
MANET is a collection of mobile nodes that communicate through wireless networks as they move from one point to another. MANET is an infrastructure-less network with a changeable topology; as a result, it is very susceptible to attacks. MANET attack prevention represents a serious difficulty. Malicious network nodes are the source of network-based attacks. In a MANET, attacks can take various forms, and each one alters the network's operation in its unique way. In general, attacks can be separated into two categories: those that target the data traffic on a network and those that target the control traffic. This article explains the many sorts of assaults, their impact on MANET, and the MANET-based defence measures that are currently in place. The suggested SRA that employs blockchain technology (SRABC) protects MANET from attacks and authenticates nodes. The secure routing algorithm (SRA) proposed by blockchain technology safeguards control and data flow against threats. This is achieved by generating a Hash Function for every transaction. We will begin by discussing the security of the MANET. This article's second section explores the role of blockchain in MANET security. In the third section, the SRA is described in connection with blockchain. In the fourth phase, PDR and Throughput are utilised to conduct an SRA review using Blockchain employing PDR and Throughput. The results suggest that the proposed technique enhances MANET security while concurrently decreasing delay. The performance of the proposed technique is analysed and compared to the routing protocols Q-AODV and DSR.
Information security has more demand for digital technology. Every industry transfers its data through computer networks for legal communication. The Internet of Things (IoT), sensor-based, is one of the most current advanced tools that can handle appropriate measures to control data operations across manufacturing industries. The demand for predictive machine reliability and quality drives the development of intelligent manufacturing technologies. To this goal, a variety of machine learning algorithms are being studied. Data protection and monitoring is also another concern that is a critical component of the organization. To overcome these issues, the proposed method uses Blockchain Technology (BCT) and Machine Learning to secure the information operations and manage a dataset. Significant data approaches were employed to organize and evaluate the obtained dataset. BCT allows collecting sensor user access data, whereas ML classifiers distinguish between normal and malicious behavior to detect attacks. DoS, DDoS, intrusion, a man in the middle (MitM), brute force, cross-site scripting (XSS), and searching are the attacks detected by BCT. Furthermore, the hybrid prediction technique assessed the fault detection prediction component. The program's quality control was set using non-linear machine learning techniques that represented the complicated world and determined the actual positive rate of the standard control methodology used by the platform. The experimental result shows that the proposed method outperforms empirical metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and response time. The proposed method efficiently provides security between innovative manufacturing transactions.
Recently Internet of things (IoT)-based healthcare system has expanded significantly, however, they are restricted by the absence of an intrusion detection mechanism (IDS). Modern technologies like blockchain (BC), edge computing (EC), and machine learning (ML) provide a robust security solution that is well-suited to protecting patients' medical information. In this study, we offer an intelligent intrusion detection mechanism FIDANN that protects the confidentiality of medical data by completing the intrusion detection task by utilising Dwarf mongoose-optimized artificial neural networks (DMO-ANN) through a federated learning (FL) technique. In the context of recent developments in blockchain technology, such as the elimination of contaminating attacks and the provision of complete visibility and data integrity over the decentralized system with minimal additional effort. Using the model at the edges secures the cloud from attacks by limiting information from its gateway with less computing time and processing power as FL works with fewer datasets. The findings demonstrate that our suggested models perform better when dealing with the diversity of data produced by IoT devices.
Shadab Alam, Surbhi Bhatia, Mohammed Shuaib, Mousa Mohammed Khubrani · 7 authors
The Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain (BC) are reliable technologies widely employed in various contexts. IoT devices have a lot of potential for data sensing and recording without human intervention, but they also have processing and security issues. Due to their limited computing power, IoT devices cannot use specialized cryptographic security mechanisms. There are various challenges when using traditional cryptographic techniques to transport and store medical records securely. The general public’s health depends on having an electronic health record (EHR) system that is current. In the era of e-health and m-health, problems with integrating data from various EHRs, preserving data interoperability, and ensuring that all data access is in the patient’s hands are all obstacles to creating a dependable EHR system. If health records get into the wrong hands, they could endanger the lives of patients and their right to privacy. BC technology has become a potent tool for ensuring recorded data’s immutability, validity, and confidentiality while enabling decentralized storage. This study focuses on EHR and other types of e-healthcare, evaluating the advantages of complementary technologies and the underlying functional principles. The major BC consensus mechanisms for BC-based EHR systems are analyzed in this study. It also examines several IoT-EHR frameworks’ current infrastructures. A breakdown of BC integration’s benefits with the IoT-EHR framework is also offered. A BC-based IoT-EHR architecture has been developed to enable the automated sensing of patient records and to store and retrieve these records in a secure and reliable environment. Finally, we conduct a security study to demonstrate the security of our suggested EHR framework.
C. Suganthi Evangeline, Ashmiya Lenin, Vinoth Babu Kumaravelu
In a smart city environment, Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) enables the vehicle to generate and communicate messages for safety applications. There exists a challenge where the integrity of the message needs to be verified before passing it on to other vehicles. There should be a provision to motivate the honest vehicles who are reporting the true event messages. To achieve this, traffic regulations and event detections can be linked with blockchain technology. Any vehicle violating traffic rules will be issued with a penalty by executing the smart contract. In case any accident occurs, the vehicle nearby to the spot can immediately send the event message to Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). It will check for its credibility and proceed with rewards. The authenticity of the vehicle inside the smart city area is verified by registering itself with UAVs deployed near the city entrance. This is enabled to reduce the participation of unauthorized vehicles inside the city zone. The Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA256) and Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA-192) are used for communication. The result of computation time for certificate generation and vehicles involvement rate is presented.
Shitharth Selvarajan, Gautam Srivastava, Alaa O. Khadidos, Adil O. Khadidos · 7 authors
The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) promises to deliver innovative business models across multiple domains by providing ubiquitous connectivity, intelligent data, predictive analytics, and decision-making systems for improved market performance. However, traditional IIoT architectures are highly susceptible to many security vulnerabilities and network intrusions, which bring challenges such as lack of privacy, integrity, trust, and centralization. This research aims to implement an Artificial Intelligence-based Lightweight Blockchain Security Model (AILBSM) to ensure privacy and security of IIoT systems. This novel model is meant to address issues that can occur with security and privacy when dealing with Cloud-based IIoT systems that handle data in the Cloud or on the Edge of Networks (on-device). The novel contribution of this paper is that it combines the advantages of both lightweight blockchain and Convivial Optimized Sprinter Neural Network (COSNN) based AI mechanisms with simplified and improved security operations. Here, the significant impact of attacks is reduced by transforming features into encoded data using an Authentic Intrinsic Analysis (AIA) model. Extensive experiments are conducted to validate this system using various attack datasets. In addition, the results of privacy protection and AI mechanisms are evaluated separately and compared using various indicators. By using the proposed AILBSM framework, the execution time is minimized to 0.6 seconds, the overall classification accuracy is improved to 99.8%, and detection performance is increased to 99.7%. Due to the inclusion of auto-encoder based transformation and blockchain authentication, the anomaly detection performance of the proposed model is highly improved, when compared to other techniques.
Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is a network that connects vehicles and everything. IoV shares traffic data by connecting vehicles with the surrounding environment, which brings huge potential to people’s life. However, a large number of connections and data sharing will seriously consume vehicle resources during the interaction. In addition, how to build a safe and reliable connection to ensure vehicle safety is also an issue to consider. To solve the above problems, researchers introduce blockchains into IoV to build a safe and reliable vehicle network relying on the distributed account structure, immutable, transparent and security features of blockchains. We have investigated the application of blockchains in IoV in recent years, and have summarized and compared these studies according to their purposes. On this basis, we also point out the future trends and opportunities.
Every aspect of the 21st century has undergone a revolution because of the Internet of Things (IoT) and smart computing technologies. These technologies are applied in many different ways, from monitoring the state of crops and the moisture level of the soil in real-time to using drones to help with chores such as spraying pesticides. The extensive integration of both recent IT and conventional agriculture has brought in the phase of agriculture 4.0, often known as smart agriculture. Agriculture intelligence and automation are addressed by smart agriculture. However, with the advancement of agriculture brought about by recent digital technology, information security challenges cannot be overlooked. The article begins by providing an overview of the development of agriculture 4.0 with pros and cons. This study focused on layered architectural design, identified security issues, and presented security demands and upcoming prospects. In addition to that, we propose a security architectural framework for agriculture 4.0 that combines blockchain technology, fog computing, and software-defined networking. The suggested framework combines Ethereum blockchain and software-defined networking technologies on an open-source IoT platform. It is then tested with three different cases under a DDoS attack. The results of the performance analysis show that overall, the proposed security framework has performed well.
Radha Raman Chandan, Awatef Salem Balobaid, Naga Lakshmi Sowjanya Cherukupalli, H L Gururaj · 6 authors
Sixth-generation (6G) wireless networking studies have begun with the global implementation of fifth-generation (5G) wireless systems. It is predicted that multiple heterogeneity applications and facilities may be supported by modern wireless communication networks (MWCNs) with improved effectiveness and protection. Nevertheless, a variety of trust-related problems that are commonly disregarded in network architectures prevent us from achieving this objective. In the current world, MWCN transmits a lot of sensitive information. It is essential to protect MWCN users from harmful attacks and offer them a secure transmission to meet their requirements. A malicious node causes a major attack on reliable data during transmission. Blockchain offers a potential answer for confidentiality and safety as an innovative transformative tool that has emerged in the last few years. Blockchain has been extensively investigated in several domains, including mobile networks and the Internet of Things, as a feasible option for system protection. Therefore, a blockchain-based modal, Transaction Verification Denied conflict with spurious node (TVDCSN) methodology, was presented in this study for wireless communication technologies to detect malicious nodes and prevent attacks. In the suggested mode, malicious nodes will be found and removed from the MWCN and intrusion will be prevented before the sensitive information is transferred to the precise recipient. Detection accuracy, attack prevention, security, network overhead, and computation time are the performance metrics used for evaluation. Various performance measures are used to assess the method’s efficacy, and it is compared with more traditional methods.
The pervasiveness of healthcare data to create better healthcare facilities and opportunities is one of the most-imperative parts of human life that offers radical advancements in healthcare services practiced through the blockchain-based management, analysis, storage, and sharing of health-related big data. Researchers can accelerate the challenges of developing a secure, scalable, and accessible dynamic healthcare infrastructure by the extensive data exchange required through individual microservices of blockchain-based privacy-preserving health data management ledgers in Healthcare Industry 4.0. Conducting secure and privacy-preserving platforms through primitive cryptographic algorithms is risky and can be a serious concern as the need to authenticate and store sensitive health data automatically are increasingly high. To achieve interoperability, security, efficiency, scalability, availability, and accountability among healthcare providers in heterogeneous networks, this paper proposes a blockchain-enabled decentralized, trustworthy privacy-preserving platform in the healthcare industry. In the healthcare-chain system, blockchain provides an appreciated secure environment for the privacy-preserving health data management ledger through hash processing, which updates high data security, storage immutability, and authentication functionality with an integrated attribute signature in accessing prescribed health block data. This article describes a new secure data retention design, prescribed evidence collection, and evaluation mechanism with integrity–confidentiality–availability to enforce the data access control policies for transactions of healthcare microservices. This scheme revealed the optimal performance in terms of mining health data size, average response time, transaction latency, and throughput for secured block transactions in blockchain networks.
The study proposes a blockchain-based patient-centric EHR solution for India. The proposed framework would provide a secure health infrastructure system, make data tampering impossible, enable just-in-time availability of healthcare information, remove handwritten prescriptions, and of er end-to-end monitoring, and increase patient privacy and record management. The research connects to hospital databases to incorporate previous handwritten prescriptions into the new system. In the Hyperledger Fabric-based design, patients will view, write, and control authorization to their medical information through a web or mobile interface. During implementation, we used a network model with three companies and three peers. When write block duration is raised from 250 ms to 2s, 250 tps throughput improves by 4x. Block size 20 is 50% faster than block size 40, improving network performance. Since the network model's CPU utilization has remained steady over time, a drop in block size and an increase in block time will lead to a considerable decrease in network latency, boosting network performance.
Ashraf Mohey Eldin, Eman Hossny, Khaled Wassif, Fatma A. Omara
Blockchain is a distributed technology that introduced the well known Bitcoin cryptocurrency into action. Blockchain has been considered for research by many countries and industries. It is being applied in many fields such as the healthcare domain. Many companies started using Blockchain to increase the security and privacy of the Electronic Healthcare Records for their patients. The work in this paper discusses some existing healthcare problems and challenges. In addition, the paper reviews some related work models and provides a comparison that shows their objectives and limitations. Also, a proposed Federated Blockchain System (FBS) is introduced to provide solutions for these healthcare problems and elaborates the technical details of the system architecture. Moreover, the effectiveness of the system has been validated which showed an average of 68-100 ms for performing query operations and average of 0.944-19.041 s for performing writing operations on the system. Finally, a discussion of the system validation and future work are presented.
Alexandru A. Maftei, Alexandru Lavric, Adrian I. Petrariu, Valentin Popa
The Internet of Things (IoT) concept involves connecting devices to the internet and forming a network of objects that can collect information from the environment without human intervention. Although the IoT concept offers some advantages, it also has some issues that are associated with cyber security risks, such as the lack of detection of malicious wireless sensor network (WSN) nodes, lack of fault tolerance, weak authorization, and authentication of nodes, and the insecure management of received data from IoT devices. Considering the cybersecurity issues of IoT devices, there is an urgent need of finding new solutions that can increase the security level of WSNs. One issue that needs attention is the secure management and data storage for IoT devices. Most of the current solutions are based on systems that operate in a centralized manner, ecosystems that are easy to tamper with and provide no records regarding the traceability of the data collected from the sensors. In this paper, we propose an architecture based on blockchain technology for securing and managing data collected from IoT devices. By implementing blockchain technology, we provide a distributed data storage architecture, thus eliminating the need for a centralized network topology using blockchain advantages such as immutability, decentralization, distributivity, enhanced security, transparency, instant traceability, and increased efficiency through automation. From the obtained results, the proposed architecture ensures a high level of performance and can be used as a scalable, massive data storage solution for IoT devices using blockchain technologies. New WSN communication protocols can be easily enrolled in our data storage blockchain architecture without the need for retrofitting, as our system does not depend on any specific communication protocol and can be applied to any IoT application.
One of the main issues over the ages has been the lack of water. The water supply networks are now being affected by the increased deployment of IOT technology and devices. The development of a trustworthy, auditable, and transparent traceable system like Blockchain is the product of creative research. Blockchain, a distributed ledger technology, introduces a fresh, creative strategy for the development of centralized, distrust-free systems. The use of blockchain technology eliminates corruption since it can keep track of every transaction. Blockchain has built-in capabilities for fault tolerance, immutability, transparency, and full transaction tracing for records that are saved, as well as for digital asset representation and transaction executions. The blockchain-based water management system described in this study is completely decentralized, with IoT devices collecting data as it is setup and adding it to the blockchain. We use the Ethereum blockchain to represent a supplier to consumer use case in our blockchain-based water management system. We also talk about the network's participants' duties in the water management system. Finally, we assessed the benefits of blockchain-based water management over existing ones and showed how it might benefit contemporary society.
IoMT sensor nodes, Internet of Things (IoT) wearable medical equipment, healthcare facilities, patients, and insurance firms are all increasingly being included in IoMT systems. Therefore, it is difficult to create a blockchain design for such systems, since scalability is among the most important aspects of blockchain technology. This realization prompted us to comprehensively analyze blockchain-based IoMT solutions developed in English between 2017 and 2022. This review incorporates the theoretical underpinnings of a large body of work published in highly regarded academic journals over the past decade, to standardize evaluation methods and fully capture the rapidly developing blockchain space. This study categorizes blockchain-enabled applications across various industries such as information management, privacy, healthcare, business, and supply chains according to a structured, systematic evaluation, and thematic content analysis of the literature that is already identified. The gaps in the literature on the topic have also been highlighted, with a special focus on the restrictions posed by blockchain technology and the knock-on effects that such restrictions have in other fields. Based on these results, several open research questions and potential avenues for further investigation that are likely to be useful to academics and professionals alike are pinpointed.
Amit Kumar Tyagi, Sathian Dananjayan, Deepshikha Agarwal, Hasmath Farhana Thariq Ahmed
Today, blockchain is becoming more popular in academia and industry because it is a distributed, decentralised technology which is changing many industries in terms of security, building trust, etc. A few blockchain applications are banking, insurance, logistics, transportation, etc. Many insurance companies have been thinking about how blockchain could help them be more efficient. There is still a lot of hype about this immutable technology, even though it has not been utilised to its full potential. Insurers have to decide whether or not to use blockchain, just like many other businesses do. This technology keeps a distributed ledger on each blockchain node, making it more secure and transparent. The blockchain network can operate smart contracts and convince others to agree, so criminals cannot make mistakes. On another side, the Internet of Things (IoT) might make a real-time application work faster through its automation. With the integration of blockchain and IoT, there will always be a problem with technology regarding IoT devices and mining the blockchain. This paper gives a real-time view of blockchain-IoT-based applications for Industry 4.0 and Society 5.0. The last few sections discuss essential topics such as open issues, challenges, and research opportunities for future researchers to expand research in blockchain-IoT-based applications.
In the recent years, blockchain technology has gained significant attention in the healthcare sector. It has the potential to alleviate a wide variety of major difficulties in electronic health record systems. This study presents an elaborate overview of the existing research works on blockchain applications in the healthcare industry. This paper evaluates 144 articles that discuss the importance and limits of using blockchain technologies to improve healthcare operations. The objective is to demonstrate the technology’s potential uses and highlight the difficulties and possible sectors for future blockchain research in the healthcare domain. The paper starts with an extensive background study of blockchain and its features. Then, the paper focuses on providing an extensive literature review of the selected articles to highlight the current research themes in blockchain-based healthcare systems. After that, major application areas along with the solutions provided by blockchain in healthcare systems are pointed out. Finally, a discussion section provides insight into the limitations, challenges and future research directions.
Latifah Almuqren, Khalid Mahmood, Sumayh S. Aljameel, Ahmed S. Salama · 6 authors
The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a technology enabler to enhance the urban physical architecture and render public services. But, public access to accumulated heterogeneous IoT urban information is prone to hackers attacking connected devices to the internet intellectual property as well. IoT security serves a dynamic part in the smart city. Some IoT devices are connected in smart homes, and these connections were centred on gateways. In smart homes, the gateways gain a lot of significance; but their centralized structure causes many security vulnerabilities like availability, integrity, and certification. Unified “cloud-like” computing networks and Blockchain (BC) type systems should be used to sort out these problems. Therefore, this article develops a Blockchain-Assisted Secure Smart Home Network using Gradient Based Optimizer with Hybrid Deep Learning (BSSHN-GBOHDL) model. The presented BSSHN-GBOHDL technique employs BC technology to improve the confidentiality of the data in the smart home environment. In addition, the BSSHN-GBOHDL technique identifies malicious activities in the smart home environment via three sub-processes namely data preprocessing, hybrid deep learning (HDL)-based malicious activity classification, and GBO-based hyperparameter tuning. The GBO algorithm assists in the proficient hyperparameter selection of the HDL model, which aids in accomplishing increased detection efficiency. The experimental validation of the BSSHN-GBOHDL approach is tested on a benchmark NSL-KDD dataset with 65495 normal and 60743 attack samples. The results highlight the betterment of the BSSHN-GBOHDL approach over other recent methods with maximum accuracy of 98.29%.