In this paper, a delegate contract signing solution is proposed to eliminate the potential risk of contract fraud caused by information and interest asymmetry. By utilizing the functional properties of the Ethereum blockchain and smart contracts, a delegate contract signing mechanism is established. By running the mechanism, the delegate contract signing information is received and processed, and the information is broadcast to the blockchain network nodes. By designing the algorithms of "requesting contract signing", "successful contract signing" and "contract fraud dispute resolution", the delegate contract signing is realized. By proposing algorithms and their calling processes, the smart contracts are completed. Finally, the smart contracts based on the solution are tested and verified. The source code of the smart contracts has been published on GitHub.
A plethora of studies have examined the emerging technology of blockchain and its applications in accounting, management, and enterprise resource planning systems (ERPs). Blockchain technology (BT) can change the architecture of today’s ERPs and overcome the limitations of these centralized systems. The aim of this study is twofold. First, this paper defines and analyzes the deployment of an innovative architecture of a Blockchain as an Ecosystem (BaaE) platform proposing a conceptual model of the Triple Entry Accounting (TEA) transforming the current accounting practices. Second, the paper explores the integration of cost management, supply chain, and inventory management on BT providing the significant challenges and benefits and suggesting an agenda for future research. The authors conduct an exploratory qualitative analysis of an extensive body of literature, from 81 journals. The paper’s innovative contribution and primary objective is to explore, address, and employ this emerging BaaE platform technology that could potentially be integrated with TEA. Further, the study examines the theoretical, technical, and business aspects regarding TEA, since there is limited research evidence in this field. Additionally, the study tries to identify the implications of BaaE in the area of cost management, supply chain, and inventory management from an ecosystem perspective. This effort can assist organizations and practitioners in understanding and further examining this emerging technology.
This paper investigates how blockchain technology may alter the defining mechanisms of residential real estate transactions in Sweden. It departs from the assumption that blockchain applications do not merely change complex socio-economic, organisational and governance arrangements of mature housing and mortgage markets. Rather, they may trigger resistance among incumbents in the current organisational model, which will drive incremental change. This analysis shows that housing transactions in Sweden are long and complex endeavours, underpinned by exclusivity, uncertainty and information inequalities. A public-private consortium led by Lantmäteriet – a Swedish government agency – has pioneered the use of blockchain technology for the conveyance of a house to address these deficiencies. This project has not moved beyond the proof-of-concept phase, while the socio-technical organisation of transactions has evolved. Insights from institutional and evolutionary approaches help conceptualise how technologically induced and qualitatively different structures and functional effects may change the way housing and mortgage markets will work, thereby highlighting both disruptive potentialities and limitations of blockchain applications for the legacy design underpinning the current Swedish housing transaction system. Following a forensic empirical approach, this paper dissects the organisational architecture, key practices and the linked network of actor groups running Sweden's property and mortgage markets. Results illustrate that understanding concrete blockchain-induced changes and their unintended consequences requires closer scholarly attention at the scale of actor networks, the types of knowledge and technologies, and the micro-geographies in which they are embedded. Such in-depth understanding enables better-informed assessments of the blockchain challenge for complex housing and mortgage markets.
Daniel Toshio Harrell, Anjum Khurshid, Mustafa Abdul-Moheeth, Moderator Ryan Wright
BHTY authors Daniel Toshio Harrell, PhD, Mustafa Abdul-Moheeth MD, and Anjum Khurshid, MD, PhD and podcast host Ryan Wright, BHTY Missouri Ambassador, discuss the Medilinker project. 
 Speakers discuss the scope of the two papers published in BHTY, choice of blockchain use, intention of the project and future growth for this and similar projects. Discover the growing ecosystem of distributed ledger technologies in the healthcare industry and the unique ways to prove concepts in a field where change is slow and graduated in achieving milestones.
 The articles may be accessed below. Readers may ersue the entire ConV2X 2021 Original Research Proceedings Issue here.
 Articles discussed:
 1. Technical Design and Development of a Self-Sovereign Identity Management Platform for Patient-Centric Healthcare Using Blockchain Technology, DOI: https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v5.196
 2. Improving Transitions of Care: Designing a Blockchain Application for Patient Identity Management, DOI: https://doi.org/10.30953/bhty.v5.200
Bitcoin, regarded as a decentralized currency of the future as well as a digital gold, faces various challenges, such as scalability, the geographical concentration of mining, its politically informed design and history, its high market volatility, and inequalities in the proportion of accumulation. However, the number of Bitcoin owners has risen exponentially, and relevant socioeconomic and political groups have become increasingly diverse. Consequently, this article argues that what has contributed to the global diffusion of Bitcoin and its embeddedness in different human societies is its practical indeterminacy. Practical indeterminacy characterizes the fundamentally undefinable, indeterminate nature of Bitcoin's value, as it can change its form depending on who it encounters. In terms of temporality, practically indeterminate Bitcoin can urge potential owners and users to compare their pasts and futures, thus driving them to perceive, own, and use Bitcoin for their own purposes. By paying attention to the agency of Bitcoin, practical indeterminacy explains how individuals form their own relations with Bitcoin and how these relations lead to Bitcoin's further sociocultural embeddedness. The proliferation of such a wide range of human–Bitcoin relations shows that Bitcoin is not only monetary but also cultural, as it offers different meanings to users and owners.
The advancement in blockchain technology has enabled smart contracts to automate the execution of tenancy obligations, known as “smart tenancies”. This paper analyses the legal issues on the adoption of smart tenancies within Malaysia using legal doctrinal research method. We seek to answer these questions: (1) whether smart tenancies are enforceable in Malaysia; (2) whether parties to a smart tenancy can apply for an endorsement of tenancy under the National Land Code; (3) whether the legal profession can claim exclusivity in offering and maintaining smart tenancies services; and (4) whether there is room for self-help in resolving tenancy disputes using smart tenancies in Malaysia. The key findings are as follows: (1)(a) smart tenancies can and should be stamped when the user interface stipulates the information required for calculation of stamp duty; (1)(b) smart tenancies service provider have to comply with the Electronic Commerce Act 2006 to ensure that the system is reliable to attribute the electronic signatures to the contracting parties; (2) once the print-out of a smart tenancy is stamped, the tenant and landlord have an option to apply for endorsement of tenancy with the land registry under the National Land Code (Revised 2020); (3) the Legal Profession Act 1976 does not restrict the marketing, operation and maintenance of smart tenancies services to be done by law firms exclusively; and (4) there is no room for self-help eviction of a tenant in Malaysia, and the eviction process ought to be enforced with a court order.
Joaquín Delgado Fernández, Tom Barbereau, Orestis Papageorgiou
With advancements in distributed ledger technologies and smart contracts, tokenized voting rights gained prominence within decentralized finance (DeFi). Voting rights tokens (a.k.a. governance tokens) are fungible tokens that grant individual holders the right to vote upon the fate of a project. The motivation behind these tokens is to achieve decentral control within a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO). Because the initial allocations of these tokens is often undemocratic, the DeFi project and DAO of Yearn Finance experimented with a fair launch allocation where no tokens are pre-mined and all participants have an equal opportunity to receive them. Regardless, research on voting rights tokens highlights the formation of timocracies over time. The consideration is that the tokens’ tradability is the cause of concentration. To examine this proposition, this article uses an agent-based model to simulate and analyze the concentration of voting rights tokens post three fair launch allocation scenarios under different trading modalities. The results show that regardless of the allocation, concentration persistently occurs. It confirms the consideration that the ‘disease’ is endogenous: the cause of concentration is the tokens’ tradability. The findings inform theoretical understandings and practical implications for on-chain governance mediated by tokens.
Background: The adoption of and improvements in new technology in the South African capital market historically led to increased trade capacity and liquidity, which may be linked to the growth in market size.Aim: In this study the aim is to investigate factors that will influence the adoption of blockchain technology in the South African clearing and settlement industry.Methods: In this study semi-structured interviews to collect data among stakeholders in the clearing and settlement cycle/process of securities in the South African capital market are employed. Participants were identified through a combination of purposive, snowball sampling and targeted sampling using social media. Data were analysed using thematic data analysis with the aid of Atlas.ti software.Setting: The South African capital market, with specific focus on the clearing and settlement of equity.Results: This study identifies People, Organisation, Technology, Industry and Country (POTIC) as factors important in influencing blockchain technology adoption in South Africa. The study expands and contributes to traditional frameworks for adopting blockchain technology in the South African clearing and settlement industry by adding five factors: trust, load shedding, unemployment/layoffs, current infrastructure, useful life and educational campaigns.Conclusion: The POTIC framework will be beneficial to the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) and Shares Transactions Totally Electronic (STRATE) when considering the adoption of blockchain technology for the integration of trade, execution and post-trade services to reduce the settlement cycle. In addition, when regulators need to formulate new regulations they will benefit from considering the POTIC framework.
The global finance industry is highly impacted by fintech innovations and technology transformations due to rapidly evolving emerging technologies. Blockchain has become one of the key emerging technologies to bring promising results in the finance sector. These transformations and the use of decentralized ledger systems would contribute to significant changes in financial transaction processing and with the advent of distributed ledger technology and its ability to enforce better transparency, blockchain is becoming a disruptive force in the finance industry. This research investigated challenges in implementing blockchain solutions in the finance sector in Sri Lanka. The Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) based approach was used to investigate relationships between identified factors that influence blockchain solutions. According to the results of the study, the factors with higher driving power included lack of trust in new and immature technology, lack of regulations and governance, lack of standardization, cost of implementation, and interoperability issues with legacy systems. The results of the study emphasize the importance of regulatory bodies to develop new rules and regulations to support the technology transformation and blockchain vendors to provide better interoperability and standardization across platforms.
The emergence of metaverse brings tremendous evolution to Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), which could certify the ownership the unique digital asset in the cyber world. The NFT market has garnered unprecedented attention from investors and created billions of dollars in transaction volume. Meanwhile, securing NFT is still a challenging issue. Recently, numerous incidents of NFT theft have been reported, leading to incalculable losses for holders. We propose a decentralized NFT anti-theft mechanism called TokenPatronus, which supports the general ERC-721 standard and provide the holders with strong property protection. TokenPatronus contains pre-event protection, in-event interruption, and post-event replevin enhancements for the complete NFTs transactions stages. Four modules are designed to make up the decentralized anti-theft mechanism, including the decentralized access control (DAC), the decentralized risk management (DRM), the decentralized arbitration system (DAS) and the ERC-721G standard smart contract. TokenPatronus is performing on the Turtlecase NFT project of Ethereum and will support more blockchains in the future.
Copyright is a means to an end, not an end in itself. We created copyright because we wanted to encourage the creation and distribution of works of authorship, not because we wanted to enable copyright owners to control the use of the works they own. We stuck with copyright because it was the best tool we had, despite its flaws. Was copyright ever efficient? No. But marginal improvements matter. Technology has changed the copyright calculus. Distribution of works of authorship gradually got cheaper and cheaper. And then the Internet made it free. But creation remained costly, even though technology helped make it easier. For better or worse, copyright was still our best way of encouraging authors to create new works, by enabling them to claim some of the economic value of those works. Of course, copyright was always a compromise, with many flaws. First, it’s overbroad. While many authors rely on copyright, many others don’t—but copyright protects their works anyway, even if they don’t want it. Second, it’s overlong. Copyright protects works far longer than necessary to encourage their production, and keeps forgotten works out of print. Third, it’s inequitable. By design, copyright only benefits commercially successful authors. And finally, it’s inefficient. Most of the benefits of copyright go to publishers rather than to authors. There’s gotta be a better way. And maybe there is. The market for non-fungible tokens, or “NFTs,” enables authors to sell their works without relying on copyright at all. An NFT is a transferable cryptographic token. Authors can create NFTs that represent “ownership” of their works and sell those NFTs to collectors. The NFT market recognizes the owner of a “legitimate” NFT of a work as the “owner” of the work, even though NFTs typically don’t convey copyright ownership of the work. I call this “pwnership,” because it consists of “clout,” rather than control. NFT owners don’t need copyright, because pwnership depends on the endorsement of the author, rather than control of the use of the work. In fact, NFT owners encourage others to use the work, because popularity increases the value of pwnership. Essentially, NFTs allow authors to profit from creating works of authorship without having to control their use. If the potential profit from selling NFTs alone is large enough to encourage authors to create works, then authors don’t need copyright anymore. And if authors don’t need copyright, no one does. In theory, NFTs could finally make copyright obsolete. Works of authorship are inherently public goods. As Stewart Brand famously observed, “Information wants to be free.” And for most of human history, information was at least nominally free, albeit profoundly costly to obtain. While mechanical reproduction made information far less expensive, it also made the cost of creating and distributing information far more salient. Copyright was the kludge we invented to solve that welcome new problem. We had to destroy free culture in order to save it. Maybe NFTs will enable us to finally dispense with copyright and make information free again.
Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) are a new development in blockchain technology. News around NFTs is surrounded by skepticism because unrealistically high prices are being paid online for these NFTs which are in the form of apparently simple digital arts and photographs. It is not clear if this is a trend, a hype, a bubble, or a legitimate novel way of holding and trading value. A literature review of peer-reviewed scholarly studies, performed in the context of business and management, is presented here. Moreover, we also discuss open issues, and challenges, and present future research directions. Analysis of these studies reveal that schools of thoughts are divided on the validity of this form of digital tokens. On one hand, there is a lot of criticism but on the other hand, we can find novel business models and applications of NFTs especially the feature of smart contracts. It can, therefore, be concluded that NFTs, even if not in their current form, are here to stay and may promise new ways of protecting digital assets in an immutable and easily traceable form.
In the Internet era, with the development and application of information technology, the financial environment is becoming more and more complex, and traditional financial business products and service models are gradually unable to meet people’s daily needs. In response to this problem, it is important to iteratively upgrade the traditional business products by rationally applying the existing information technology in the entire financial market and realize the adjustment of the organizational structure of financial institutions and the optimization of products and services. With the development of network technology, the research on the application of blockchain technology in the financial field is gradually carried out, and its advantages and characteristics are of great significance to the optimization and upgrading of the traditional financial system. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the research status and trends of blockchain technology in the financial field. Through CiteSpace to analyze all relevant researches on blockchain technology in the financial field, we can grasp the research status and trends of blockchain technology in the financial field as a whole, coping with financial issues in the new environment. This article explains the basic theory of blockchain technology and conducts an overall visual analysis of related research on blockchain technology in the financial field based on CiteSpace. The results showed that the research keywords of blockchain technology in the financial field at home and abroad are concentrated in “supply chain finance,” and China’s research on this keyword accounts for 59.5%. Foreign research on this keyword accounts for 26.5%. The difference is 33%, and the overall popularity is on the rise.
Wan Kamal Mujani, Azyati Azhani Mohamad Mazuki, Wan Mohd Hirwani Wan Hussain, Muhammad Nazir Alias · 7 authors
In the pursuit of modernness in the world today, various systems begin to have a place in society, especially involving the economic sector. Development of available technology gives the space and opportunity for a "smart" minority in society to invent techniques that provide convenience or amenity as well as returns for the public, such as the invention of digital currency. Cryptocurrency is no longer a strange medium of payment in current world technology. It is becoming more popular as society discovers its advantages if correctly used. Besides, its use is growing because the minority in society have begun to catch on with using Bitcoin in the world of investment. However, the rest of society outside this group are still hesitant about its 'permisibility' in sale and purchase transactions because no central authority or Central Bank has issued a statement that digital currency is legal tender, except for El Salvador. Therefore, this article discusses some views of Islamic scholars on the Shariah perspective of using Bitcoin in order to develop and advance the economy of the Muslim society. Researh results find that a minority of Islamic scholars consider Bitcoin as a permissible medium of exchange while some others consider it as prohibited. However, in Malaysia, a fatwa was issued by the Majlis Muzakarah Hal Ehwal Agama Islam and the Securities Exchange that its use is permissible but subject to certain conditions.
Nowadays, with the emergence of Web 3.0 and the metaverse, we collectively witnessed the explosive development of the decentralised autonomous organisation and the blockchain business model. Particularly, the advancement of technologies has further given birth to a novel form of social platform as blockchain-enabled social media (i.e., SocialFi), which is growing both in size and number of users. Accordingly, the rapid development of these blockchain-enabled social media firms illustrates the requirement to better understand the reasons behind this increase and the innovative practices and strategies of firms in this emerging field. Using the case of Pixie – the world’s first fully functional decentralised photo and video sharing social network based on blockchain technology, this insight paper identifies a conceptual model of blockchain-enabled social media that is useful for illustrating the successful business strategy and operations of firms. Particularly, the identified model employs four pillars of innovation as fundamental technologies, governance and operations, incentive mechanism design, and organisational structure and performance. Based on this crypto economy social media model, the study further presents the main challenges, discusses the implications based on agency theory, as well as highlights several directions for future research associated with blockchain-enabled social media.
El auge de las nuevas tecnologías ha impactado significativamente en diversos sectores y el ámbito legal no ha sido la excepción para la transformación digital. La aplicación de estas herramientas tecnológicas en el sector legal es conocida como Legaltech. El constante desarrollo de la programación en beneficio del sector mercantil se ha visto reflejado en el surgimiento de un tipo de organizaciones denominadas Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs). Estas organizaciones tienen sus bases en la tecnología Blockchain y los Smart Contracts, así como otras tecnologías del ámbito de las Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT). La sistematización de las operaciones que se llevan a cabo en las DAOs traen consigo ventajas frente a las sociedades mercantiles o de capitales tradicionales. Su incremento exponencial a nivel mundial propone una serie de retos en el ámbito jurídico; ante ello, es importante analizar si es conveniente la implementación de una regulación legal en relación a las DAOs y sus principales limitaciones en el Perú.
Recently, Decentralized Finance (DeFi) platforms on Ethereum are booming, and numerous traders are trying to capitalize on the opportunity for maximizing their benefits by launching front-running attacks and extracting Miner Extractable Values (MEVs) based on information in the public mempool. To protect end users from being harmed and hide transactions from the mempool, private transactions, a special type of transactions that are sent directly to miners, were invented. Private transactions have a high probability of being packed to the front positions of a block and being added to the blockchain by the target miner, without going through the public mempool, thus reducing the risk of being attacked by malicious entities. Despite the good intention of inventing private transactions, due to their stealthy nature, private transactions have also been used by attackers to launch attacks, which has a negative impact on the Ethereum ecosystem. However, existing works only touch upon private transactions as by-products when studying MEV, while a systematic study on private transactions is still missing. To fill this gap and paint a complete picture of private transactions, we take the first step towards investigating the private transactions on Ethereum. In particular, we collect large-scale private transaction datasets and perform analysis on their characteristics, transaction costs and miner profits, as well as security impacts. This work provides deep insights on different aspects of private transactions.
Adam P. Balcerzak, Elvira Nica, Elżbieta Rogalska, Miloš Poliak · 6 authors
The aim of our systematic review was to inspect the recently published literature on decentralized governance systems and integrate the insights it articulates on blockchain technology and smart contracts by employing Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Throughout January and May 2022, a quantitative literature review of ProQuest, Scopus, and the Web of Science databases was carried out, with search terms including “city” + “blockchain technology”, “smart contracts”, and “decentralized governance systems”. As the analyzed research studies were published between 2016 and 2022, only 371 sources satisfied the eligibility criteria. A Shiny app was harnessed for the PRISMA flow diagram to include evidence-based acquired and handled data. Analyzing the most recent and relevant sources and leveraging screening and quality assessment tools such as AMSTAR, Dedoose, Distiller SR, ROBIS, and SRDR, we integrated the core outcomes and robust correlations related to smart urban governance. As data visualization tools, for initial bibliometric mapping dimensions were harnessed, together with layout algorithms provided by VOSviewer. Future research should investigate smart contract governance of blockchain applications and infrastructure using decision-making tools and spatial cognition algorithms.
Cryptocurrency is a digital or virtual currency that is guaranteed by cryptography along with the emergence of cryptocurrency, the emergence of NFT is also widely discussed, NFT is referred to as a digital asset in the form of works of art or collectibles such as photos, pictures, videos, games and so on. Currently, cryptocurrency-based NFT games are being discussed as a transaction method, with the emergence of this transaction method reaping many pros and cons. To be able to find out the acceptance and use of Cryptocurrency methods in this NFT game. UTAUT is used as a research model UTAUT is a model to explain user behavior toward information technology. UTAUT is formulated with 4 core determinants of intention and usage, namely performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, & facilitating conditions. This study used a questionnaire for sampling and obtained 244 respondents who had used the cryptocurrency transaction method in this NFT game. This study aims to prove the effect of independent variables (Performance Expectations, Effort Expectations, Social Influence, Perceived Risk, Trust, Facilitation Conditions) on the dependent variable (Behavioral Intentions and Usage Behavior). The results showed that there were positive and negative effects. Performance Expectations, Effort Expectations, Social Influences, Risks, and Facilitation Conditions have a positive and significant impact on Behavioral Intentions. Meanwhile, the Trust variable does not effect on Behavioral intentions, and Behavioral intentions have a positive effect on user behavior
With technological advances and the establishment of e-commerce models, business challenges have shifted to online platforms. The promise of embedding self-executing and autonomous programs into blockchain technologies has attracted increased interest and its use in niche solutions. Using qualitative interviews, this paper sought the opinions of the eleven industry leaders regarding smart contracts. Findings reveal that the technology is gaining momentum in e-commerce, particularly in financial transfer, record-keeping, real estate, and property management, insurance, mortgage, supply chain management, data storage, authorization of credit, denaturalized intelligence, aviation sector, shipping of products, invoice financing and other domains. The significant benefits of widespread adoption and deployment of smart contracts include their capability to deliver decentralization, efficacy, cost-effectiveness, transparency, speed, autonomy, transparency, privacy, and security, encouraging the emergence of novel business models. Albeit these benefits that revolutionize online transactions, the technology faced multifaceted challenges. Smart technologies are only a decade old and are not advanced in security, transparency, cost-effectiveness, and regulatory framework. Furthermore, organizational, and technical challenges limit their deployment: incompatibility with legacy systems, scalability, bugs, speed, and lack of talent and understanding regarding smart contracts. Consequently, policymakers, developers, researchers, practitioners, and other stakeholders need to invest effort and time to foster the technologies and address pertinent issues to enable the global adoption of smart contracts by small and big businesses.
In the banking and financial service domain, blockchain technology can make business process less complex while creating safe, trustworthy records of agreements and transactions. Public's huge support in Digital Ledger Technology & blockchain's decentralized control can shift user trust from humans to machines. Decentralized Finance will grow more & more so applying it to banking sectors might be very useful to get more people on board with this new technology. It also has the potential to solve traditional banking problems of lending money, trusting government & bank authorities etc. The time needed to process various tasks such as tax filing , insurance , bank transactions of large amounts will be heavily reduced. Crypto is our future & with the help of Smart Contracts , DAO , DeFietc we can flourish our banking sectors for the general public.
The management, protection and sharing of sensitive data such as those associated with the health domain are crucial in enabling personal care and contributing to worldwide medical advancements. Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLTs) allow for data protection compliant solutions in untrusted contexts that guarantee data immutability, protection and transparency when needed. This paper proposes an architecture based on DLTs, Smart Contracts and Distributed File Storage (DFS), enabling user data sovereignty, confidentiality and secure access control. A use case on health data is presented, where we apply a combination of DLT, DFS and an access control mechanism to allow users to distribute their data. Finally, we show an experimental evaluation of the overall architecture to demonstrate the feasibility of implementing practical DLT-based healthcare solutions. The results are collected through independent tests, available opensource, that verify the system's response time in each of its functions and as the load increases. The results are promising and show that the system is feasible and can scale as the load increases.
Francesca Carapella, Edward J. Dumas, Jacob Gerszten, Nathan Swem · 5 authors
Decentralized finance (DeFi) refers to a set of newly emerging financial products and services that operate on decentralized platforms using blockchains to record and share data. DeFi products and services are conducted without a trusted central intermediary such as a bank, and they include payments, lending and borrowing, trading and investments, capital raising (crowdfunding), and insurance. An important innovation that allowed for the development of DeFi was the growth of programming capability on blockchains. This innovation allows for the creation of computer code called smart contracts that can be invoked by users without going through a centralized intermediary. DeFi may pose financial stability risks, that are exacerbated by the fact that both are currently largely outside the prudential regulatory perimeter, which we discuss.
Universitas Kristen Indonesia Paulus, Trinita Imelda Bandaso, Fransiskus Randa, Universitas Atma Jaya Makassar · 6 authors
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perkembangan dan sistem dari blockchain, mengidentifikasi potensi pemanfaatan, menganalisis faktor internal dan eksternal, serta mengidentifikasi bagaimana akuntan menghadapi disrupsi blockchain. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara dan studi literatur. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa teknologi blockchain memiliki potensi implementasi pada bidang akuntansi, audit, keuangan, supply chain, dan public sector. Para praktisi dan akademisi perlu memperhatikan kurikulum serta framework terkait implementasi blockchain, membentuk one set skill, dan peran akuntan saat ini adalah sebagai penasihat bisnis atau konsultan dan bukan sebagai counter