Mohammed Alkatheeri, Abdulla Juma Alhosani, Mounir El Khatib, Hamad Alteneji
This paper focuses on one of the rapid evolving technologies â Blockchain technology. The blockchain technology is one of the efficient technologies that will help the organizations in managing the various industry challenges related to data management. This research focuses on the use of blockchain technology that works of the principle of decentralization in the PMIS. In this context, a qualitative research has been conducted with the help of interviewers. The findings of the qualitative research indicated that blockchain technology has now become a major need of the project based organizations with the increasing threat of data loss, data tempering and attacks etc. The blockchain technology in PMIS will help in ensuring the integrity and value of the data along with ensuring a systematic communication among the stakeholders involved in the project. The findings also indicate that the blockchain will equally distribute the power among the stakeholder and improving the effectiveness of project in terms of meeting the time, cost and quality objectives. Lastly, the paper recommends that there is a critical need of blockchain experts and personnel who can effectively use this technology not only in PMIS but other areas as well such as the banking and finance. The training and development of the people in the area of implementing and integrating the blockchain technology with the information systems has an important relevance.
Chandramohan Dhasarathan, Mohammad Kamrul Hasan, Shayla Islam, Salwani Abdullah · 8 authors
Abstract This research focuses on addressing the privacy issues in healthcare advancement monitoring with the rapid establishment of the decentralised communication system in the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT). An integrated blockchain homomorphic encryption standard with an inâbuild supervised learningâbased smart contract is designed to improvise personal data prevention. The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) has advanced in healthcare with the rapid establishment of decentralised communication systems. Distributed ledgers have resource constraints to leverage public, private, and hybrid blockchain transactions to facilitate heterogeneous operations. The authors propose a supervised learning strategy in healthcare to mitigate learning healthârelated issues, improvise clinical monitoring, and ensure secure communication. The proposed approach handles the vast IoMT data by adopting blockchain for IoMT as (BIoMT) to preserve sensitive clinical information. It incorporates hybrid encryption techniques to improve patient and health records' privacy protection. BIoMT also maintains secured and sustainable supply chain management with a highly confidential decentralised framework using blockchainâbased smart contracts, which minimises data loss. Moreover, a framework is designed with a hybrid hashing that integrates a homomorphically encrypted algorithm to support a smart contract for decentralised applicability. The BIoMT approach is tested and compared with the relevant prevention mechanisms. The evaluation shows that the effects observed from the result analysis noted that the proposed method outperforms reliable prevention mechanisms compared to the existing approaches.
Behaving responsibly is a priority for all businesses including, of course, the banking sector. The United Nations Principles for Responsible Banking (PRB), launched in 2019, pursue six internal and external objectives. The aim of this paper is to give an overview of the PRB and to investigate how an innovation such as the blockchain could contribute to achieving the UN objectives. Our research uses a qualitative method, based on the Knowledge Café as a data collection tool, enabling us to draw on the experience of ten experts in the banking and/or blockchain domains. Our data analysis identifies a series of nine key concepts that cut across the six PRB. The main findings of our study shed light on the importance of transparency, trust, and the involvement of all stakeholders in the implementation of blockchain solutions within banks. However, there are some barriers to implementation, such as the energy consumption of blockchain, misunderstanding and a need for education on this disruptive technology, and the quality of data. We conclude by presenting the theoretical and managerial implications of our study, including their impact on the funding of SMEs. JEL Codes: G21, M48, N20, O33
Simon Wong, John Yeung, Yuiâyip Lau, Tomoya Kawasaki
In the last six years, there has been a rise in research interest with regard to the applications of blockchain technology in supply chains and how these applications bring benefits to supply chain management. In a broader sense, an essential research focus that has been discussed in the literature is the way in which this emerging blockchain technology in supply chains brings sustainable benefits to a community. The rationale for incorporating cloud technology into a blockchain and integrating the blockchain with machine learning for supply chain applications is to maintain technical sustainability. While previous studies suggested and reported sustainable practices of applying blockchain technology in supply chains, the means with which these practices are brought about by the cloud-based blockchain integrated with machine learning (CBML) have not been thoroughly explored in the literature. The case study presented in this paper aims to fill this gap by exploring technically, environmentally, economically, and socially sustainable practices through the use cases of CBML for supply chain management by the international leading container shipping company Maersk. The use cases by Maersk presented in published documents were collected from the Internet and then analyzed. This document analysis was performed in two ways. The first way was a technical review of the blockchain technology used by Maersk with a consideration of technical sustainability to ensure scalability and big data analytics. The other way was to analyze the applications of the CBML by Maersk to indicate how environmental sustainability, economic sustainability, and social sustainability can be achieved. On the other hand, this paper also highlights the negative technical, environmental, economic, and social sustainability impacts caused by Maersk and discusses implications for future research directions.
Loyalty platforms are designed to increase customer loyalty and thus increase consumersâ attraction to purchase. Although successful in increasing brand reach and sales, these platforms fail to meet their primary objective due to a lack of incentives and encouragement for customers to return. Along with the problem in originating sales, they bring excessive costs to brands due to the maintenance and infrastructure required to make the systems feasible. In that sense, recent blockchain technology can help to overcome some of these problems, providing capabilities such as smart contracts, which have the potential to reinvent the way loyalty systems work and solve current problems. Although blockchain is a relatively new technology, some brands are already investigating its usefulness and rebuilding their loyalty systems. However, these platforms are independent and linked directly to a brand. Thus, there is a need for a generic platform capable of creating and managing different loyalty programs, regardless of the size of the business. This paper explores the shortcomings of current loyalty programs identified through the literature review, and proposes a loyalty management system with blockchain integration that allows any retailer to create and manage their loyalty programs and have customers interact directly with multiple programs in a single application.
Manal Mansour, May Salama, Hala Helmi, Mona F. M. Mursi
Blockchain technology is referred to as a very secure decentralized, distributed ledger that records the history of any digital asset. It is being used in numerous governmental and private sector organizations across numerous nations. Surveying the current state of blockchain applications and difficulties in e-government services is the goal of this review. Held to the account are use cases for current facilities that use blockchain. Finally, it examines the research gap in blockchain deployment and makes suggestions for future work for additional research.
The Internet of Things (IoT) technology has grown rapidly and continuously. The IoT ecosystem comprises an increasing number of smart devices that can sense, act, process, store, and communicate via the Internet. Data within such communication technology is continuously exposed to be hacked or attacked. Therefore, there should be methods to protect the issue of data authentication and increase the security of such large-scale networks. In this article, a method of using a Blockchain network is proposed. The proposed system uses the Ethereum blockchain and benefits from several critical technologies, including distributed consensus, smart contracts, digital signatures, and cryptographic hashes. The whitelist and blacklist are the two lists that are suggested. The approved users who have obtained their private keys are included on the whitelist. The blacklist, on the other hand, is intended to stop illegal users who are flagged as spammers or attacks. According to findings, the Blockchain can drastically save expenses and boost the security of IoT networks
INTRODUCTION: Blockchain technology is a distributed ledger, decentralized, and cryptographically secure technology which has garnered considerable interest in different sectors including healthcare. It can enable better trust, security, management, and transparency of healthcare data, processes, and transactions resulting improving quality of care. Despite the fact of the increasing number of research investigating the applications/potentials of blockchain in healthcare, there is a scarcity of comprehensive reviews that focuses on the factors that influence its adoption in the healthcare industry. OBJECTIVES: This review aims to summarise existing studies regarding the adoption of blockchain technology in the healthcare industry. This review presents a detailed review of existing empirical studies investigating the factors influencing blockchain adoption in healthcare by highlighting the research methodologies, targeted stakeholders, adoption theories/models used, and the influential factors explored in each of these studies. Careful syntheses of these studies would enable researchers and partitioners to acquire a wide knowledge and understand various opportunities and challenges of blockchain implementation in healthcare. METHODS: Inspired on âPreferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)â guidelines, the study's scope and research questions are established, Scopus database is selected as an information resource, search strategy, and inclusion and exclusion criteria for document selection is developed. This review was conducted in August 2022. From 223 articles found in the search, 12 met the eligibility criteria and were selected to be extensively analyzed in this review. RESULTS: This review reveals that very few empirical studies exist that sought to explore the significant factors influencing blockchain adoption in healthcare. The qualitative method was the most method employed, healthcare providers were the most targeted stakeholders, and most of the studies were not based on adoption theories/models. Privacy, government regulation, and trust were the most influential factors investigated in the studies. CONCLUSION: The utilization of blockchain can help handle many issues in healthcare systems and bring improved healthcare delivery. Little attention has been paid to highlight internal and external factors that would impact successful blockchain adoption in healthcare. Additionally, the evaluated research placed little attention on understanding how underlying factors interact, social structures and institutional mechanisms affect the adoption of blockchain in healthcare. The reasons why healthcare organizations are hesitant to implement blockchain are still not clear. There is a need to conduct more research to examine the factors influencing the decision of healthcare stakeholders to adopt blockchain by using adoption theories/models. The proposed framework of the factors in this study may contribute as a starting point for future blockchain adoption studies in the healthcare industry.
Primary healthcare (PHC) has become a concern in most resource constraint economies particularly in the global south where meeting this important economic need has become a burden. Given this, blockchain technology (BT), a promising transformation in contemporary service delivery, has become an alternative for service-oriented institutions to meet their desired goals. In primary healthcare, BT has been utilised to lessen the burden on medical supply chain and data management. Nonetheless, the technology seems to be a preserve of the developed economies. In the global south, not only has the complexities of the technology hindered the implementation of the technology but the understanding of its affordances has also been nascent. This study extends Task-technology fit model with the perceived e-readiness model. Drawing on the best-worst method, this paper investigates PHC managersâ decision to embrace BT for PHC delivery in Ghana. The study finds that, in order of relevance, task-technology, infrastructure and individual characteristics are the main drivers of BT adoption and implementation. The study proposes the implementation of various strategies relevant to ensuring a sustainable BT for the management of PHC in resource constraint economies.
In the rapidly evolving environment of the international supply chain, the traditional network of manufacturers and suppliers has grown into a vast ecosystem made of various products that move through multiple parties and require cooperation among stakeholders. Additionally, the demand for improved product visibility and source-to-store traceability has never been higher. However, traditional data sharing procedures in todayâs supply chain are inefficient, costly, and unadaptable as compared to new and innovative technology. Blockchain technology has shown promising results for improving supply chain networks in recent applications and has already impacted our society and lifestyle by reshaping many business and industry processes. In an effort to understand the integration of blockchain technology in the supply chain, the proposed work consists of novel approach to improve the traceability in supply chain through the blockchain technology.
Exploring the new developments and paths in the education system is one of the motives for Oman's 2040 Vision. Blockchain technology restructured businesses and many other sectors. Similarly, the implementation of blockchain technology in the education sector is new but it seems to offer various benefits which are associated with blockchain. This study aims to explore the use of blockchain technology in the education sector of the Sultanate of Oman. The study offers a conceptual model which portrays the five attributes of blockchain technology as the fascination to adopt while the implementation of blockchain in education offers enhanced student performance and record management benefits from the student perspective. The future of the education sector is based on technological developments and advancements such as blockchain technology.
This study examines the present scholarly research on blockchain technology in supply chain management. The primary purpose of this working paper is to visualize and perform a scientometric review of 468 publications and research published between 2007 and 2021 from the Web of Science database. Co-author analysis, co-word analysis, and co-citation analysis highlight main concepts and research hotspots and provide light on important specializations and developing trends. This study primarily uses Citespace5.8. R1 to conduct a systematic analysis of author collaboration networks, keyword co-occurrence networks, keyword clustering, keyword burstiness, and literature co-citation graph spectrum networks in the domain of blockchain in supply chain management to identify the research state, development trend, hotspots, and frontiers. Research shows that :(1) since 2017, the literature on the application of blockchain in supply chain management has expanded rapidly. China and the United States are particularly advanced in this area compared to other nations. (2) The "blockchain in supply chain management" research mainly focuses on technical framework theory, which uses distributed ledger technology and smart contracts to control supply chain operations. Simultaneously, technical innovation should be combined with artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and other technologies to enhance the trust, transparency, traceability, performance index, and security of the supply chain. (3) The horizon of study in this area is the integration of RFID and blockchain technology for technical innovation in Industry 4.0, intending to improve and optimize each supply chain node.
This study investigates the important role that the blockchain plays to manage the information about who did what and when and hence provides a strong base for any legal potential conflicts. Blockchain technology permits you to distribute, encrypt, and secure the records of digital transactions. In addition, bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies are encompassed in it. Even though the construction industry has traditionally been a late user of innovative technology compared to other sectors of the economy, it faces various hurdles in terms of trust, accessibility, information sharing, and process automation. As a result, stakeholders, clients, subcontractors, contractors, and suppliers have been unable to work together effectively. Even if building information modeling is employed, which envisions a centralized building, the primary benefit of blockchain is the secure storage of sensitive sensor data.
Construction projectsâ performance is not self-regulating. Therefore, a continuous progress tracking and monitoring process is highly demanded to avoid potential deviations or misalignments. The current practice for the progress tracking and monitoring process suffers from heavily intermediated workflows, human errors, transfer latencies, inaccuracies, and/or information holes. Such issues could gradually lead to severe delays or even complete project failure. This research introduces a novel Peer-to-Peer (P2P) system that relies on Blockchain Technology (BT) and Inter-Planetary File System (IPFS) for managing progress information and as-built digital assets or files. The system is developed based on a three-step approach. First, two chaincodes are formulated for mapping and governing the data operations. Second, a private blockchain network is configured based on Hyperledger Fabric as a hosting platform, including the relevant stakeholders. Third, a private IPFS network is configured and coupled with a cluster service to manage and distribute the off-chain visuals and as-built digital assets. A case study for a non-residential construction project is utilized to test and verify the systemâs practicability and assess its performance. The research significance is anticipated in diverse practical areas, including but not limited to; boosting coordination and trust among stakeholders, tracing progressive elaboration of As-built digital assets, accelerating incremental payments processing, assessing overall project performance and on-site productivity, supporting delay analysis and claim/dispute management, and streamlining data flow between the construction phase and the operation and maintenance phase. Further, the systemâs future is mapped by evolving it as a sub-unit in a more advanced data model.
Abstract Blockchain has enormous capabilities to transform the traditional business models in countless ways. Banks in India are building collaborative blockchain ecosystems to create an innovative business model and disrupt the traditional one to create further competitive advantages. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between blockchain capabilities (BCC), competitive advantages (CA) and organizational performance (OP). Further, to evaluate the mediating role of CA on the relationship between BCC and OP. In this context, scientific research model consisting of a hypothesis has been developed from the existing literature. The proposed model was tested using statistical data collected from Blockchain specialists, blockchain product marketing managers, experts of future and emergent technology and VP/AVP/Chief Manager/Branch head of banks/ financial Analyst/divisional Managers who are involved in planning and deployment of practical blockchain in banking/financial sector. Data was analyzed and tested through AMOS 22.0 and process macro using a sample of 289 responses. Our empirical result indicated that there is a significant positive relationship between BCC, CA and OP. Furthermore, relationship of BCC and OP partially mediated CA. This paper presents originality and contributes towards the body of knowledge on this subject to understand the relationship and mediation role of CA on the relationship between BCC and OP in Indian banking sector.
Open access
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Organizational Leadership and Management Strategies
There are always potential hazards from hackers, adware, malware, and viruses. Many big international corporations have experienced hacking and security breaches in the previous few years. In certain instances, this has resulted in the leakage of private and confidential information, such as bank account information, addresses, and transactions, but there are security measures in place that can block these things before they get too close to the company's private data. This is crucial for both secrecy and to avoid paying the steep fines levied on businesses that fail to adequately safeguard customer information. The project is a verification mechanism that only allows users with the proper input credentials to access the system. The project involves modules or user certificates. Security credentials come in a variety of forms. Thus, we incorporate a unique blockchain for banking security and user authentication in this proposed methodology. This degree of authentication reduces the possibility of hacking and the loss of sensitive data. Also, in the current environment, safer bank transactions are necessary due to advancements in security technologies. They have also made advances into industries, healthcare, telecommunications, and home automation, among others. A distributed ledger is basically what a blockchain is. It can keep information about who owns a certain piece of property or, for example, a bond. A permanent record of ownership can be maintained using technology, which also makes it possible for parties with a low level of trust to exchange the asset. Key Words: Custom Blockchain, Distributed Ledger, Authentications, Confidentiality, Transactions, Security System, Credentials, Banking Security, etc.
The Construction industry has a complex structure with multiple parties involved, which often leads to âadversarial relationshipsâ, ârisk avoidanceâ, and a âlack of trustâ among the different actors. This culture is further compounded by a âlinear workflowâ that often results in low efficiency, delays, rework and unnecessary waste. Blockchain technology can help to mitigate these issues by creating a decentralised and transparent system, where all the actors can have access to a shared database, it allows tracking and monitors the different stages of the project, and even automate some processes increasing efficiency and reducing delays and rework. This study highlights the advantages of Blockchain technology, particularly how it can provide a single source of truth for project data while allowing multiple parties to access and share data in a secure and transparent way, improving the workflow of BIM projects and decreasing the likelihood of errors, mistakes, or fraudulent activities. The paper explores the integration of BIM and Blockchain across life cycle and supply chains based on the RIBA plan of work, with the objective to streamline collaboration while improving process efficiency and resource traceability in projects. The study proposes a roadmap performing a detailed literature survey for Blockchain adoption in the construction industry, and validated on a real-world Bridge project. Furthermore, this study is innovative since it examines the integration of BIM and Blockchain throughout the entire project lifecycle by simulating the smart contract implementation based on the RIBA plan of work, thus providing an in-depth examination of the potential benefits of this integration.
Bashaer Khudhair Abbas Alkafaji, Mahmoud Lari Dashtbayaz, Mahdi Salehi
This paper aims to investigate the impact of blockchain on the quality of the information in listed and non-listed companies in Iraq; the temporal scope of this study is 2022. The statistical population of this research is divided into two parts: one part is related to the level of familiarity with blockchain technology of accountants, independent auditors, managers, etc., and the other part is related to the effect of blockchain technology on the quality of accounting information. The sample size is determined based on Cochranâs formula, among which 1528 respondents were selected as a sample size. The results of the hypothesis testing showed that in both listed and non-listed companies, familiarity with blockchain technology had increased the quality of information. In this way, blockchain technology has positively and significantly impacted the quality of accounting information. This means that the impact of IT (Blockchain) on the quality of accounting information is the same for Iraqi listed and non-listed companies. Since the current research has been investigated in an emerging market such as Iraq, it can bring helpful information to readers in this field.
The maritime industry is moving towards a digital ecosystem to achieve substantial mutual profits. To achieve this, there have been attempts to combine existing, disjointed systems into more efficient, standardized platforms that can be scaled up. However, this transition has faced challenges. To address these issues, it is suggested that innovative technologies such as blockchain be utilized due to their alignment with the sectorâs needs. This study uses a triangulation approach by examining a mix of literature, web-based data, applications, and projects to showcase the contribution of blockchain and its potential use cases. We also explore its potential use cases based on other sectors using projection and parallelism. Additionally, the study delves into limitations and possible solutions. This research acts as a preliminary study for the implementation of blockchain in the maritime industry, and advocates for its use as a revolutionary approach. The findings will be beneficial for scholars, policy makers, and practitioners in the maritime industry.
Financial Technology (FinTech) innovations have fundamentally transformed the global financial services industry by leveraging digital technologies such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, big data analytics, cloud computing, and mobile platforms. FinTech innovations have reshaped payments, lending, wealth management, insurance, risk management, and regulatory compliance, enhancing efficiency, financial inclusion, and customer experience. This review synthesizes the theoretical foundations, technological drivers, and major categories of FinTech innovations, including digital payments, blockchain-based finance, peer-to-peer lending, robo-advisory services, InsurTech, RegTech, and decentralized finance (DeFi). Through a comparative analysis, the paper evaluates benefits, risks, and adoption challenges of FinTech solutions. The discussion highlights regulatory, ethical, and cybersecurity implications, while the conclusion outlines managerial implications and future research directions in the evolving FinTech ecosystem.
Milad Baghalzadeh Shishehgarkhaneh, Robert Moehler, Sina Fard Moradinia
In recent years, applications of Blockchain technology (BCT) have been progressing at a galloping rate in miscellaneous fields, such as finance, education, travel, healthcare, and insurance. However, BCT has gained much popularity in the construction industry, especially in developed nations worldwide, as it can solve real-world problems, including poor payments, inadequate cooperation and collaboration, inappropriate data sharing among stakeholders, and poor efficiency. The current research employs a bibliometric and systematic literature review (SLR) on utilizing BCT in the construction industry. Using co-occurrence and co-citation studies, network visualization and other methodologies concerning the Web of Science (WOS) database and the research contactsâ patterns were investigated in 482 academic papers. Notable publications, conferences, significant writers, nations, organizations, and funding organizations have been acknowledged. Our research reveals that the primary study topics are BCT in the construction industry, supply chain management, smart contracts, sustainability, building information modeling (BIM), the Internet of Things (IoT) and energy efficiency. Several possible fields for further research are mentioned, including the use of BCT in: (i) circular economy, (ii) risk management, (iii) smart villages, and (iv) infrastructure construction projects.
Abstract: Our country has an excessive number of organisations, which deter individuals from donating since they are opaque and challenging to monitor. People frequently ponder whether giving to charitable organisations will affect their choice. Many non-profit organisations engage in unscrupulous business techniques to raise money. People's faith in charity has been shattered by these methods, which have also raised concerns about the reliability of charitable endeavours. Today's non-profit sector is highly concerned about transparency. By turning donations into digital assets and boosting trust in non-profit organisations, blockchain [1] and smart contracts [2] open up new opportunities for charitable giving. Now, donors can see the results of their donations, and charities can use crypto tokens [4] to encourage giving. In recent years, blockchain technology has become one of the most trending areas of technology. Specifically, distributed ledger technology has been used in the financial industry to create crypto currency and develop a new digital market sector. Despite this, blockchain with its immutability and transparency has a much wider range of potential applications. Blockchain technology has the ability to significantly alter the charity industry. Increased responsibility and confidence in charitable donations may result from blockchain's decentralised and transparent nature. The usage of blockchain in charity is examined in this research article along with its potential advantages, including greater accountability, increased efficiency, and increased transparency. The absence of regulations, technical complexity, and cost are some of the difficulties that must be overcome. The use of blockchain technology in philanthropy is significant and merits more research to ascertain how it may be most effectively incorporated into current systems to enhance the philanthropic sector.
Nowadays blockchain technology plays a vital role in creative developments and important discoveries in the world. Blockchain develops secure and trustworthy platforms for data sharing in various application areas such as secure sharing of medical data, Anti-money laundering, tracking systems, Supply chain, and logistics monitoring, Crypto-currency exchange, etc. Today's Supply chain in the healthcare sector faces many problems like security, transparency, tampering with medical products, counterfeit drugs, more paperwork, high cost, and more time-consuming process while transporting medical equipment from manufacture to end-users. To overcome these problems, we introduce Novel Approach for Integrated IoT (Internet of Things) With Blockchain in Health Supply Chain (NAIBHSC) approach. By using this approach, we can eliminate all supply chain-related issues between suppliers and end-users. The goal of this research is by combining Blockchain technology with IoT to develop a smart health supply chain management system. This approach provides security, privacy, trust, visibility, decentralized tracking and tracing of the medical product, avoids counterfeit drugs, avoids the damage to medical components, authentication, reduces the cost, and provides the status of the products during the shipment process between manufacturers to end-user. In this approach, we conduct a series of experiments on a different group of users. The experimental results show that compare to existing approaches our proposed NAIBHSC approach gives better response time that is the average Transaction Per Second (TPS) for a group of 500 users is 100 milliseconds, reduces the latency time that is average latency time for 500 users group has 403 milliseconds, and improves the overall performance of the smart health supply chain management system.