Blockchain Papers

Renato Nazzini

No abstract is available for this record.

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, David Andolfatto

All record-keeping systems (which include monetary systems) must contend with trust issues and methods of organizing historical information. Conventional systems rely on the reputation of central authorities and record-keepers to achieve consensus.

Nabil Rifi, Nazim Agoulmine, Nada Chendeb Taher, Elie Rachkidi

In the past few years, the number of wireless devices connected to the Internet has increased to a number that could reach billions in the next few years. While cloud computing is being seen as the solution to process this data, security challenges could not be addressed solely with this technology. Security problems will continue to increase with such a model, especially for private and sensitive data such as personal data and medical data collected with more and more smarter connected devices constituting the so called Internet of Things. As a consequence, there is an urgent need for a fully decentralized peer‐to‐peer and secure technology solution to overcome these problems. The blockchain technology is a promising just‐in‐time solution that brings the required properties to the field. However, there are still challenges to address before using it in the context of IoT. This paper discusses these challenges and proposes a secure IoT architecture for medical data based on blockchain technology. The solution introduces a protocol for data access, smart contracts and a publisher‐subscriber mechanism for notification. A simple analytical model is also presented to highlight the performance of the system. An implementation of the solution as a proof of concept is also presented.

Avinash Vattikutti

The implementation of smart contract technology with their plausible applications in a business to business are explored. The thesis work shows how Blockchain technology works on the concept of decentralized system which is beneficial to eliminate the need for central authority. The thesis focuses on elimination of challenges pertaining to the selected departments in an organization. The thesis resolves challenges pertaining to lack of transparency, traceability and significant time-delays while in the process of decision making. The influence of blockchain technology and smart contract technology to eliminate these challenges are discussed. Logic of the smart contract and working of the blockchain pertaining to a specific industrial case study are demonstrated. Methodology to set up a smart contract interface in a business to business setting is investigated in this thesis. An observation study has been done in order to show how transparency, traceability and time delay in decision making is achieved by using smart contract interface. This thesis also shows how the blockchain and smart contract technology tries to implement coordination theory.

N. Moretti, F. Re Cecconi

Blockchain is deeply affecting finance procedures and investors behaviour. This technology is gaining momentum also in other disciplinary fields, since it allows to ensure reliability and trust in transaction operations. This paper aims at presenting how blockchain procedure could be applied to maintenance operations, ensuring a lean process and disintermediation between the agreements clauses and the implementation of the Operations Maintenance and Repair (OM&R) interventions. This can be done thanks to the application of the smart contracts to the use phase of the buildings. The research opens to a new scenario in OM&R, disintermediating OM&R contracts from the need for a contracts’ supervisor, which typically ensure the compliance with the terms of the contracts when OM&R contracts are defined. This could lead to a fairer and transparent asset management, despite some drawbacks are presented in the conclusion of the paper.

Jean-Marc Seigneur

An overview of blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLT) including consensus, PoW, PoS, dBFT, DAG, smart contracts, Ethereum, Stellar, Ripple, Hashgraph Hedera, tokens, tokenomics, cryptocurrencies, ICO...

George Allayannis, Paul Tudor Jones, Aaron Fernstrom

The case describes a hypothetical hedge fund manager who is examining whether to invest in bitcoin. The case discusses potential risks and rewards of investing in bitcoin, the role of bitcoin and digital currencies more broadly, and financial innovation in the space, such as ICOs. It can be taught as part of a second-year MBA elective course in investments, financial institutions/capital markets, or fintech.

Aygül Anavatan, Eda Yalçın Kayacan

Bitcoin is the most radical of the cryptocurrencies which are becoming popular
\nnowadays. The advantage of the cryptocurrencies is that they are decentralized
\nsystems so do not need central banks. The purpose of this study is to determine if
\nthere is a volatility in the returns of Bitcoin and if so, whether it is predictable.
\nThe volatility of the Bitcoin returns was investigated using the log-normal
\nstochastic volatility model and stochastic volatility model with leverage for daily
\ndata covering the period between 19.12.2011 and 29.01.2018. While there is no
\nsignificant leverage effect in the Bitcoin returns, it has been revealed that the
\nvolatility is permanent and unpredictable. The unpredictability of Bitcoin returns’
\nfluctuations suggests that it is risky to use it as an investment tool or currency. It
\nis increasing day by day that Bitcoin takes place of banknotes or digital money,
\nwhich are conventional means of payment. The more widespread the system, the
\nsafer and the more resistant to speculations it is. The widespread popularity of
\nBitcoin may facilitate its recognition by states and inclusion in traditional
\npayment methods.

Doaa Mohey El-Din M. Hussein, Mohamed Hamed, Nour Eldeen

A Blockchain is considered the main mechanism for Bitcoin concurrency. A Blockchain is known by a public ledger and public transactions stored in a chain. The properties of blockchain demonstrate in decentralization as distribution blocks, stability, anonymity, and auditing. Blockchain can enhance the results of network efficiency and improve the security of network. It also can be applied in several fields like financial and banking services, healthcare systems, and public services. However, the research is still opening at this point. It includes a big number of technical challenges which prevents the wide application of blockchain, for example, scalability problem, privacy leakage, etc. This paper shows a proposed comprehensive study of blockchain technology. It also examines the research efforts in blockchain. It presents a proposed blockchain lifecycle which refers to an evolution and a linked ring between business process management improvement and Internet-of-Things concepts. Then, this paper presents a practical proof of this relationship for smart city. It presents a new algorithm and a proposed blockchain framework for 38 blocks (which recognized as smart-houses). Finally, the future directions are well presented in blockchain field.

Alastair Berg, Brendan Markey‐Towler, Mikayla Novak

No abstract is available for this record.

Borgklint, Erik, Söderberg, Michael

Bakgrund: Satoshi Nakamoto kallas gruppen eller individen bakom kryptovalutan Bitcoin. Syftet med valutan är att kunna genomföra transaktioner snabbt, anonymt och kunna hålla tredje part, centralbanker och banker utanför. Syfte: Syftet är att undersöka och analysera svenska bankers inställning till Bitcoin. Det författarna till denna studie vill undersöka är hur bankens inställning ser ut till valutan om den blir allt mer populär att företag och privatpersoner börjar genomföra transaktioner utan inblandning med banken. Metod: För att kunna svara på syftet har studien genomförts med en abduktiv metod. Datainsamling har skett genom att intervjua relevanta personer på banker genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. I analysen förklaras sedan den datainsamlingen utifrån studiens teoretiska referensram. I syfte att få kvalificerade bedömningar om framtiden har studien använt sig av delfi-metoden. Slutsats: Författarna till studien kom fram till att Bitcoin inte utgör något hot mot bankerna eftersom de kan kopiera tekniken och bankens kärnverksamhet handlar inte bara om att genomföra transaktioner. Den underliggande tekniken till Bitcoin tillsammans med en mer legitimerad valuta (exempelvis e-krona) har en möjlighet att användas av banker i framtiden.

Alexander A. Kharlamov, Glenn Parry

No abstract is available for this record.

Dov Fischer

No abstract is available for this record.

Cathy Barrera, Stephanie Hurder

No abstract is available for this record.

Primavera De Filippi, Greg McMullen

No abstract is available for this record.

Fangze Yang

In recent years, there has been an upsurge of researching and learning the Amoeba management model in China. Amoeba management model is a business model created by INAMORI KAZUO in KYOCERA, and then many enterprises have achieved unprecedented success. At present, a large number of scholars have studied the amoeba management model, but the exploration of the operation mechanism of the amoeba management model has not yet appeared. As for an organization management model, it is very important to explore the mechanism for its normal operation, which provides the research question for this article, namely, the operation mechanism of amoeba organization model. Therefore, based on the characteristics of Amoeba organization, this paper explores the operation mechanism of Amoeba’s organizational model, which provides reference for other enterprises that want to implement the Amoeba organization model. The research found that the operation mechanism of Amoeba’s organizational model mainly includes Amoeba’s team relationship, team incentive mechanism, team accounting mechanism and team evaluation mechanism. The Amoeba team broke the traditional relationship between the corporate sector and the traditional relationship resulting in low efficiency of the enterprise, while the amoeba organization leads the trading relationship into the enterprise Amoeba teams, the trading between teams, and self-financing of each team resulting in the active communication between teams and the actively cooperate. The Incentive mechanism is mainly for the amoeba team decentralization, the establishment of a strict responsibility and profit mechanism for each team, the division of power and responsibility, so that each team has its own power. The accounting mechanism and the accounting of Amoeba organization model mainly introduce the independent accounting mechanism; each team is responsible for its own profit and loss, independent accounting, and uses the unit time accounting system to calculate the team. The Evaluation mechanism rigorously assesses the amoeba team. In the light of the strategy at this stage of the company, we need to build a guiding evaluation system so that the team goals and corporate goals become same, and commonly achieve the enterprise strategies.

Hongjiang Zhao, Cephas Paa Kwasi Coffie

No abstract is available for this record.

Li Guo, Yubo Tao, Wolfgang K. HHrdle

No abstract is available for this record.

Anton Golub, Lidan Großmaß, Ser‐Huang Poon

No abstract is available for this record.

Hongjiang Zhao, Cephas Paa Kwasi Coffie

No abstract is available for this record.

Alastair Berg, Chris Berg, Mikayla Novak

No abstract is available for this record.

Gregory S. Rowland, Trevor Kiviat

Digital assets can serve several functions. Some digital assets, such as Bitcoin or Litecoin, are widely regarded as decentralized stores of value or mediums of exchange due to certain common economic features that support these functions; these are sometimes referred to as “pure cryptocurrencies.” Other digital assets, such as Monero or Zcash, are a subset of pure cryptocurrencies that also possess certain features designed to enhance transaction privacy and confidentiality (“privacy-focused coins”). Beyond pure cryptocurrencies and privacy-focused coins, there exists a broad array of general purpose digital assets (“platform coins”), such as Ethereum, NEO and Ravencoin, which are designed to facilitate various peer-to-peer activity, from decentralized software applications to “smart” contracts to digital collectibles, such as CryptoKitties. Platform coins also enable the creation of new digital assets called “tokens”, which are described further herein. The digital asset market extends beyond the assets themselves. As this industry continues to grow, it has captured the attention of retail and institutional investors alike, including asset managers seeking to develop investment strategies and products involving these emerging assets and companies. Some strategies resemble early-stage growth strategies, featuring long-term investments either directly in certain digital assets or in start-up ventures developing complementary goods and services for the industry. Other strategies include hedge fund strategies, such as long/short funds, which often use derivatives, or arbitrage strategies, which seek to capitalize on the price fragmentation across the hundreds of global online exchanges. This chapter outlines the current U.S. regulatory framework applicable to cryptocurrency and other digital asset investment funds (“digital asset funds”) offered to U.S. investors and how those regulatory considerations affect fund structuring decisions.

Di Lin, Yu Tang

A device-to-device (D2D) underlying cellular network is pervasive to support various wireless applications. However, due to the dramatic increase of data transmission in the network with limited amount of wireless resource, a few users may be required to temporarily disconnect from the network to avoid the interruption of data transmission in the whole network. A critical issue of determining the user access in D2D underlying networks is the authenticity of channel state information (CSI), and usually, a user with a higher CSI can be allocated a larger amount of wireless resource or have a higher probability of staying in the network. In this paper, we propose a blockchain consensus-based scheme to verify the authenticity of CSI and add the users who intentionally advocate a higher value of CSI into a fraud chain. Also, we consider both the cross-tier interference caused by a mobile user and the presence of a user in the fraud chain to determine the access of a user. The analysis results show that our proposed user access scheme can enhance the network performance by efficiently controlling the use access in mobile applications.

Li Guo, Yubo Tao, Wolfgang Karl Härdle

No abstract is available for this record.