Introduction. The state of financial provision of social protection at the expense of budgetary funds is an important issue for each state. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to scientifically substantiate the theoretical foundations of social protection of the population and the sources of its financial support. Results. Expenditures on social protection of the population occupy a significant place in the state expenditures of Ukraine. Through the system of social protection during 2010–2016, about 23% of GDP was allocated. A tendency towards a decrease in their share (in 2016 – 18,2%) was revealed. Budget financing takes the lead in the system of sources of financial support. Due to the budget system, 10.8% is distributed, while in the structure of total expenditures of the Consolidated Budget expenditures on social protection and social security make up 59,6%. A comprehensive analysis of the dynamics of volumes and structure of budget financing during 2007–2017 was conducted. A tendency towards annual growth of expenditures on social protection has been established, and it has been found that their growth rates during the investigated period significantly exceeded GDP growth rates. A significant level of centralization is established. Such a situation requires the optimization of budgetary expenditures on social security and social security and the modernization of sources of their financial support. Conclusions. The main vectors for improving the budget financing of social protection and social security in Ukraine are: – decentralization of budget financing of social protection and social security; – provision of social transfers based on the verification of the property and financial status of the recipients; – the targeted nature of social assistance; – monetization of subsidies; – optimization of the state policy in the labor market with a view to its rapid adaptation to structural changes taking place in the economy; since socially-market economy is aimed not only at social protection, but also the creation of such an organizational and economic mechanism that would contribute to reducing the part of the population that needs state paternalistic care (social assistance).
Viktor Dmytrovych Chernadchuk, Viktor Sukhonos, Inna Shkolnyk
The financial system of the advanced countries develops according to two basic models – a bank-based system and a market-based system, depending on the level of protection of the rights of owners, investors and lenders. A paradigm shift in functioning of global financial system and financial systems of all countries is based on financial law, which formalizes all financial relations. Reviewing the financial system of Ukraine, the researchers pay a special attention to public finance due to its substantial share in redistribution of Ukraine’s GDP. A comparative analysis of the concept “financial system” makes it possible to draw a certain analogy with the approaches of experts in financial law. From the economic point of view, a country’s financial system includes three key areas – state finance, household finance and corporate finance, which are closely interrelated. Matching these three spheres with the legal approach, state finance is defined as public finance, while household finance and corporate finance are referred as private finance. The financial market functions as a part of the financial system. In economic terms, the financial system is a dynamic and open environment, while it implies an intense movement of financial resources, a rapid emergence of new financial instruments and integration into the global financial market. From the legal point of view, the financial system is a static financial and legal phenomenon, which includes centralized and decentralized public funds, as well as funds of business entities and individuals.
The article is devoted to the legal aspects of decentralization in Ukraine, the problems arising in the creation and functioning of the united territorial communities. The mechanism of solving the problems facing the united territorial commu nities with the help of public-private partnership is proposed. It is proposed to make wider use of the advantages of economic and legal experiments. REFERENCES1. The Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine (2014), Koncepciya reformuvannya miscevogo samovryaduvannya ta terytorialnoyi organizaciyi vlady v Ukrayini, zatverdzhena Rozporyadzhennyam [The concept of local government reform and territorial organization of power in Ukraine, approved by Decree], Oficijnyj visnyk Ukrayiny, vol. 30, art. 831.2. The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (2014), Pro spivrobitnycztvo terytorialnyh gromad : Zakon Ukrayiny [On cooperation of local communities: The Law of Ukraine], Vidomosti Verhovnoyi Rady Ukrayiny, vol. 34, art. 1167.3. The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (2015), Pro dobrovilne ob’yednannya terytorialnyx gromad : Zakon Ukrayiny [On a voluntary association of local communities: The Law of Ukraine], Vidomosti Verhovnoyi Rady Ukrayiny, vol. 13, art. 91.4. Tkachuk A. (2017), O decentralizacii, uspehah, riskah i roli parlamenta [On Decentralization, Progress, Risks and the Role of Parliament], Zerkalo nedeli, available at: http://gazeta.zn.ua/internal/o-decentralizacii-uspehahriskah-i-roli-parlamenta-_.html5. The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (2015), Pro zasady derzhavnoyi regionalnoyi polityky : Zakon Ukrayiny [OnPrinciples of regional policy: The Law of Ukraine], Vidomosti Verhovnoyi Rady Ukrayiny, vol. 13, art. 90.6. The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (2010), Byudzhetnyj kodeks Ukrayiny [The Budget Code of Ukraine], Vidomosti Verhovnoyi Rady Ukrayiny, vol. 50—51, art. 572.7. Jakel’ R. (2017), Nu pochti realistichnyj bjudzhet [Well, almost a realistic budget], Zerkalo nedeli, available at: http://gazeta.zn.ua/economics_of_regions/nu-pochtirealistichnyy-byudzhet-_.html8. Slobozhan A. (2013), Mestnoe samoupravlenie i evroperspektivy [Local self-government and Euro-perspectives], Zerkalo nedeli, available at: http://gazeta.zn.ua/macrolevel/mestnoe-samoupravlenie-i-evroperspektivy-_.html9. Derkach M.I. and Lytvyn M.V. (2012), Dosvid Nimechchyny u finansuvanni ekonomichnogo rozvytku regioniv [German experience in financing economic development], BiznesInform, vol. 9, pp. 42—47.10. The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (1997), Pro misceve samovryaduvannya v Ukrayini : Zakon Ukrayiny [On local government in Ukraine: The Law of Ukraine], Vidomosti Verhovnoyi Rady Ukrayiny, vol. 24, art. 170.11. The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (2003), Hospodars’kyy kodeks Ukrayiny [Economic Code of Ukraine], Ofitsiynyy visnyk Ukrayiny, vol. 11, art. 462.12. Ruchkina G.F. and Kupyzin V.V. (2010), Social’naja otvet stvennost’ sub’ektov predprinimatel’skoj dejatel’nosti i pravovoe regulirovanie otnoshenij po raspredeleniju pribyli [Social responsibility of subjects of entrepreneurial activity and legal regulation of relations on distribution of profit], Predprinimatel’skoe pravo, vol. 1, pp. 35—40.13. The Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine (2011), Pro zatverdzhennya Metodyky vyyavlennya ryzykiv zdijsnennya derzhavno-pryvatnogo partnerstva, yih ocinky ta vyznachennya formy upravlinnya nymy : Postanova [On approval of Methodology identify risks of public-private partnership, their evaluation and determination of management forms: Resolution], Oficijnyj visnyk Ukrayiny, vol. 18, art. 769.14. The Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine (2015), Pro vnesennya zmin do postanovy Kabinetu Ministriv Ukrayiny vid 16 lyutogo 2011 r. № 232 : Postanova [On Amendments to Resolution of The Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine on February 16, 2011, Number 232:],Oficijnyj visnyk Ukrayiny, vol. 76, art. 2525.
The main focus of this article is the analysis of the global cryptocurrency market as an integrated system of cryptocurrencies and infrastructures that ensure their functioning. In particular, the general state of the cryptocurrency market and its current trends have been considered. The main part of the analysis was conducted on the structure of the global cryptocurrency market and its main components. Based on the indicator of cryptocurrency market capitalization, leading cryptocurrencies have been defined. They currently represent 80% of the world cryptocurrency market. These include Bitcoin, Ethereum, Ripple, Bitcoin Cash, Cardano, Litecoin and NEM. Key players in the cryptocurrency market infrastructure have been also determined, they support and contribute to the development of the market of almost every cryptocurrency. These include miners, full nodes, exchanges, wallets and payment companies. The main market indicators for each leading cryptocurrencies such as: the market share and its change over the year, the degree of influence of the cryptocurrency on the state of the global market, the dynamics of prices and their volatility have been analyzed. The infrastructure of the market of each cryptocurrency has been estimated on the basis of indicators of the reliability of the infrastructure and its trade opportunities. The study showed a high growth rate of Bitcoin and along with it a number of significant altcoins over the past year, which had a favorable effect on the state of the common cryptocurrency market. Almost every cryptocurrency showed positive trends. Ripple is the absolute record holder of price growth over the past year, followed by NEM. Bitcoin and Ethereum are the least financially risky ones in terms of volatility. In addition, Ethereum has the most reliable infrastructure, and Bitcoin has the most secured by exchanges and wallets. Cardano showed the highest growth rates in a short period of time. In general, these phenomena are positive forerunners for the cryptocurrency industry.
Introduction. At the present stage, Ukraine is steadfastly concentrating its efforts on fulfilling its international legal obligations, including on issues of development of local and regional democracy. An important role in these processes is played by the reform of local self-government and territorial organization of power in accordance with the basic provisions of the European Charter of Local Self-Government, which has become an integral part of the national legislation in this area. Purpose. The purpose of the study is to analyze the actual revenues of local budget revenues of the Ternopil region as a whole and the combined territorial communities and the city of Ternopil in particular. In addition, the task of analyzing the dynamics of individual sources of local budget revenues and determining the possible problems of budget formation in 2017 is set. Results. Summarizing the study, it should be noted that as a result of the decentralization reform, the system of financing has been changed in the country, and tools have been created that allow local authorities to effectively address and prevent problems on the ground. Conclusion. The further introduction of a decentralization policy should become an effective factor in stabilizing the socio-economic situation, overcoming the financial crisis, overcoming the contradictions between different levels of government, organizing relations between the center, regions and territorial communities on the basis of the division of responsibilities and competences, as well as partnerships in the area of providing citizens Ukraine with state and local benefits, and to increase the efficiency of using budget funds at all levels of government.
Introduction. Nowadays there are no active governmental instruments to finance the activities associated with social and professional adaptation of former military servicemen. The implementation of such programs is mainly carried out at the expense of limited foreign assistance. Insufficient elaboration of theoretical fundamentals and practical aspects of financial supply to sustain the mentioned adaptation in Ukraine predominantly explain it. Objectives. One has to identify the semantic differences in scientific approaches to determination of essence of social and professional adaptation of transferred to reserve servicemen, suggest authentic definition of this notion from the viewpoint of its financial supply, systemize, generalize and deepen the theoretical & conceptual fundamentals of financing the mentionedabove events and programs of adaptation. Results. The author critically analyzed the number of definitions of social and professional adaptation of transferred to reserve servicemen and specified the structure of mentioned adaptation due to its main components. The updated definition of social and professional adaptation of transferred to reserve servicemen as an object of financing was determined. On the basis of generalized global and national experience there was developed a typology of financial sources for social and professional adaptation of former servicemen according to three criteria: level of formation, location and financing model. The author conditionally grouped four types of models of its financing due to available financial sources: centralized (budget), decentralizedendogenous, decentralized-exogenous and integrative (mixed). The author has also substantiated the fact that decentralized-exogenous model of financing of social and professional adaptation of former servicemen prevailed lately in Ukraine and identified its peculiarities and disadvantages. Conclusion. The suggested typology of financial sources for social and professional adaptation of transferred to reserve servicemen facilitates selection of optimal financial sources and models taking into account the national specificity. Under modern domestic conditions of social and economic development it is recommended to apply the integrative (mixed) model of financing that is based on the principle of social partnership and assumes the participation of all economic sectors in financing of program events of social and professional adaptation of transferred to reserve servicemen: municipal, business and non-governmental (public) ones
Introduction. Building an effective and fair system of public finance is an important stimulus for the dynamic development of economy of Ukraine. In this case, balance and rationality of financial resources of Ukraine will contribute to creating an enabling macroeconomic environment for business and investment growth and provide guaranteed stability in the system of social protection. However, imbalances and problems in public finances are able to form a threat to national economic development. According to this the article is devoted to coverage of topical issues of public financial management in Ukraine and defining their solutions via the implementation of a new model of government – the transfer of key business practices in public administration. Results. Main solution for issues in a public finance management should be the implementation of the new government model which is based on using main principles of corporate finance management in public area. New government model includes elastic system of compensation to public officers which is based on KPIs, decentralization of budget system and controlling by independent auditor. Conclusion. The implementation of a new model of public administration requires systematic and deep reforms, which required considerable significant time and financial resources.
Олена Станіславівна Волярська, Ольга Іванівна Пастушок
In the article was considered a question of necessity of introduction of the system approach to organization of education of adult population in European space, to choice of optimal ways of the effective professional preparation of the different categories of adults for the diverse directions of qualification advance, determination of criteria of assessment of informal education of adults. There were grounded characteristics of professional training of specialists and unemployed people by the models on examples of Great Britain, Poland. There was determined the role of formal and informal education of adults. Formal education is given by the higher educational institutions – universities, institutions of postgraduate education, polytechnics and colleges. Informal education of adults is provided by the teaching associations, national educational institutions. There were determined the vectors of modernization of education of adult population: orientation on the real needs of customers (private persons and entrepreneurs); structural transparence and content flexibility of learning programs; multichannel financing; democratization of the system of education of adults by decentralization of managerial authorities.Conceptual principles of systematization of the prospects of development of education of adults in developed European countries are: determinism of educational policy of aforesaid countries by historical, political, national, socio-economic, cultural factors.We assign to the prospective directions of further researches: the theory and practice of education of adult population in the context of elaboration of civil society of the global scale; psychological adaptation of adults to the study and/or work in the foreign countries; acknowledge of the results of formal and informal education within international cooperation
Досліджено вплив процесів фінансової децентралізації на систему місцевих фінансів України. Визначено основні трансформаційні зміни системи місцевих фінансів внаслідок реалізації заходів реформи та шляхи її адаптації до нових умов. Розкрито базові характеристики зміни ролі державних органів влади та органів місцевого самоврядування, їх взаємозв’язків та відносин у системі, посилення участі населення в ухваленні рішень місцевого значення. Сформульовано основні вимоги до системи місцевих фінансів із урахуванням впливу процесів фінансової децентралізації, зокрема формування ефективної і стійкої бази для мобілізації фінансових ресурсів у межах кожної територіальної громади; забезпечення достатнього обсягу ресурсів для збалансованого і динамічного розвитку на місцевому рівні; підвищення ефективності управління місцевими фінансами із застосуванням процесного та проектного підходів. Запропоновано план заходів щодо зміни системи місцевих фінансів України в контексті фінансової децентралізації на п’ятирічний період. План заходів передбачає унормування регуляторних положень у сфері управління місцевими фінансами, підвищення кваліфікації посадових осіб місцевого самоврядування, розвиток ресурсного потенціалу, моніторинг та оцінювання ефективності діючої системи місцевих фінансів.
The objective of the article is the accumulation and review of existing regulatory material regarding the decentralization process, namely the implementation of fiscal decentralization, and financial and legal analysis of the current state of local Finance and their legal regulation reform in modern conditions of development of Ukraine taking into account foreign experience. The relevance of the research topics is the need of the modern understanding of legal regulation of decentralization processes in public administration of Ukraine and the state of development of law in these processes. Doclet themes. The problem of decentralization of financial resources and authority devoted a lot of research scientists (N. Bykadorova, A. Bondarenko, N. Kaminska, I. Karchevsky, P. Kolody, B. Krajnik, I. Legkostup, J. Ostroshenko and others) both in Ukraine and abroad. The author explores the concept of decentralization, financial decentralization, the decentralization of power. Analyzed the legal value of laws of Ukraine: "On principles of state regional policy" and "On voluntary consolidation of territorial communities" for further reform actions in Ukraine. Analyzed components of the new system in the formation of profitable and account parts of local budgets, the determination of the principles of transfer policy and intergovernmental relations. The main objectives of such a system and ways of their implementation are as follows: 1. Ensure fiscal autonomy and financial independence of local budgets 2. The consolidation of local budgets in the stable sources of income and stimulate podatkovni communities. 3. Strengthening the responsibility of relevant ministries for the balance of financial resources and sectoral policies, in particular through the mechanism of providing educational and medical subsidies, subsidies for personnel training. 4. The expansion of spending powers of local authorities by transferring funding from the local budgets of individual budget programmes and agencies, which are now financed from the state budget. 5. The introduction of a new mechanism of budgetary regulation and equalization. In Ukraine the process of fiscal decentralization takes place quite actively, consistently, with a fairly full legislative regulatory the development of this process, which is a positive thing for Ukraine in the historical development of both areas and the state.
The paper studies issues of strengthening the financial basis of regional development as a component of economic security policy and one of the most important areas of administrative decentralization in Ukraine. Main problems of regional development financing identified, ineffectiveness of inter-budget relations proved and the obstacles for accumulation of financial resources of local communities determined. It has been shown that main consequence of regional financial “weakness” was the inability to concentrate resources for prior investment projects and activities of regional development. The measures for strengthening of the financial security of regions in the context of regional policy objectives and according to the announced decentralization and fiscal reforms in regions offered. It is proved that for strengthening the financial base of support for regional development and ensuring self-sufficiency of territorial communities, in terms of the objectives of the new regional policy, it is necessary: to gradually expand the list of instruments used by local authorities to increase the amount of cool tools; disseminate program-target method of compilation and execution of local budgets with the aim of increasing transparency and efficiency of use of budgetary funds; to organize intergovernmental relations, to increase the share of targeted funding, to ensure the formation of horizontal intergovernmental relations; to provide for the expansion of the revenue base of local budgets, transfer of shares separate national taxes, the search for extra-budgetary financial resources.
У статті розкрито питання децентралізації фінансових ресурсів місцевими бюджетами України. Окреслюється чимало проблем цього процесу, зокрема акцентується увага на неузгодженості розрахункових показників Мінфіну та органів місцевого самоврядування, суттєвій дотаційності місцевих бюджетів, переважанні темпів зростання трансфертів над темпами зростання доходів у місцевих бюджетах, незначній частці місцевих податків і зборів у їх доходах, залежності органів місцевого самоврядування у прийнятті рішень та управлінні фінансовими ресурсами від центральних органів. У статті подано окремі рекомендації щодо усунення проблем децентралізації фінансових ресурсів місцевими бюджетами України (The article investigates the decentralization of fi nancial resources of Ukrainian local budgets. The author outlines a lot of problems in this process, particularly emphasizing the incompatibility of calculated indicators of the Ministry of Finance and local governments, considerably subsidized local budgets, the prevalence of the growth rate of transfers over the growth rate of incomes of local budgets, the small share of local taxes and duties in their incomes, the dependence of local governments on central government in decision making and fi nancial resource management. The article presents some recommendations to solve the problems connected with the decentralization of fi nancial resources of Ukrainian local budgets)
Pointed comparative description separate rice of the systems of of public welfare of Ukraїni and some foreign powers; certainly advantages and failings in adjusting of the domestic system of public welfare of 90th years and the features of financing of social sphere of at are analysed modern terms of decentralization of management.