Thomas Ankenbrand, Denis Bieri, Roland Cortivo, Johannes Hoehener · 5 authors
Developments in the distributed ledger technology have led to new types of assets with a broad range of purposes. Although some classification frameworks for common instruments from traditional finance and some for these new, so-called cryptographic assets already exist and are used, a holistic approach to integrate both worlds is missing. The present paper Our research is part of the FinTech programme supported by Finnova, Inventx, Swiss Bankers Prepaid Services, and Swisscom. fills this research gap by identifying 14 attributes, each of which is assigned different characteristics, that can be used to classify all types of assets in a structured manner. Our proposed taxonomy, which is an extension of existing classification frameworks, summarises these findings in a morphological box and is tested for practicability by classifying exemplary assets like cash and bitcoin. The final classification framework can help to ensure that the various stakeholders, such as investors or supervisors, have a consistent view of the different types of assets, and in particular of their characteristics, and also helps to establish standardised terminology.
Roger Bons, Johan Versendaal, Liudmila Zavolokina, Weidong Shi
New ways to organize economic activities are emerging, facilitated by Blockchain technology or the broader term Distributed Ledger Technology. Blockchains consist of dynamic shared ledgers that can be applied to ensure transparency and traceability and to save time when recording transactions between parties, remove costs associated with intermediaries (or, according to Nakamoto ( 2008 ), remove the need for intermediaries altogether), while enabling the introduction of pseudonymous parties on the Internet. First, and probably the most known application of blockchain technology, is cryptocurrency, such as Bitcoin. It has taken businesses and industries some time to recognize that the underlying technology of Bitcoin could be the next wave for disruption of their existing business models. All too often, the focus of the media coverage is on the connection of cyber-currencies to criminal activities or on the highly speculative nature of their exchange rates and issues with coin exchanges.
Blockchain technologies provide a platform for a new wave of project management systems, providing managers with a range of characteristics, capabilities, and feature sets to aid their praxis as they engage in increasingly complex processes and projects. This paper presents an explorative case-study in which open-ended interviews are conducted with practicing project managers. The interviews are analysed to understand currently deployed project management tools, technologies, and methods and to contextualise how blockchain based systems may allow for improvments. Five constructs emerge: transparency, control, dynamic status updating, incentives, and trust. Feedback suggests blockchain based alternatives could offer significantly better performance within each of these constructs, and thus should be explored as the technological backbone to the next generation of project management systems.
Tadas Limba, Andrejus Novikovas, Andrius Stankevičius, Antanas Andrulevičius · 5 authors
Two mainstream topics have been widely discussed over the past few years: ways to reduce the human impact on nature and the way that the industrial revolution 4.0 changes industries. The aim of this research topic is to analyse the positive and negative factors of big data implementation in the sector of cryptocurrency (as part of the industrial revolution 4.0) and in the sector of municipal waste management. The analysis reveals the differences and similarities between the cryptocurrency and municipal waste management sectors in the context of big data. The findings are significant for the estimation of the technological development of digitalized and non-digitalized sectors.
Blockchain is a developing innovation that can possibly reform the worldwide business and make a confided in relationship in a multi-party business organize. Square chain is one of the steadiest open records that jelly exchange data, and is hard to produce. Since, the data put away in square chain is not identified with by and by recognizable data, it has the attributes of namelessness. There are various reasonable use situations where blockchain has been applied. All through the instructive course, students get different sort of execution certificates, score transcripts, marksheets and so on which can turn into a critical ascribe for having admissions to new schools or new works. Because of hostile to manufacture mechanism, its simple to make fraud documents. So, as to take care of the issue of falsifying testaments, the advanced authentication framework dependent on blockchain innovation would be proposed. By the unmodifiable property of blockchain, the computerized authentication with hostile to fake and unquestionable status could be made. Through the unmodifiable properties of the blockchain, the framework not just improves the believability of different paper-based endorsements, yet additionally electronically decreases the misfortune dangers of different sorts of authentications.
Critical infrastructure sectors are increasingly adopting enterprise Distributed Ledgers (DL) to host long-term assets, systems, and information that is considered vital to an organization’s ability to operate without clear or public plans and strategies to migrate safely and timely to Post Quantum Cryptography (PQC). A quantum computer (QC) compromised DL would allow, eavesdropping, unauthorized client authentication, signed malware, cloak-in encrypted session, a man-in-the-middle attack (MITM), forged documents and emails. These attacks can lead to disruption of service, damage of reputation and trust, injury to human life, and the loss of intellectual property, assets, regulated data, and global economic security. In 2018, Gartner revealed that a QC is a digital disruption that organizations may not be ready and prepared, and CIOs may not see coming. On September 18, 2019, IBM announced the largest universal QC available for commercial use would be available in October 2019. On October 23, 2019, Google officially announced “Quantum Supremacy,” “by performing a calculation in 200 seconds that would take a classical supercomputer approximately 10,000 years.” DL Cyber Resilience requires “reasonable” measures, policies, procedures, strategies, and risk management before large-scale deployment. Cyber Resilience implementations must be a critical component during the design and building phase, or during the initialization phase. The most significant existing attack vectors for enterprise DLs is the Public Key Infrastructure (PKI), which is fundamental in securing the Internet and enterprise DLs and is a core component of authentication, data confidentiality, and data and system integrity [1] [2]. Effectively implementing and managing a quantum-resistant PKI solution requires adherence to PKI standards, industry requirements, potential government mandates, certificate management policies, training personnel, and data recovery policies that currently do not exist. This research discusses security risks in enterprise DL PKI, areas that can be compromised, and provides an idea of what should be in a PKI DL Risk Management Framework plan.
Decentralized applications development on the Ethereum platform is becoming very popular in last few years. However, it requires developer to have knowledge and skills to integrate large number of components, such as smart contracts programming, IPFS decentralized storage, RPC calls or True for smart contracts management and various JavaScript libraries (e.g. Web3.js, TrueContract, JS-IPFS). This makes the development process very complex and dicult. At the same time, the developer has multiple front-end frameworks available, which however lack the ability to easily integrate the majority of previously mentioned components. To solve this problem, there are integration tools which address above issues and are intended to support a comprehensive development of decentralized applications (e.g. Drizzle, Vortex, Web3-React). The paper focuses on these integration tools and analyses the code complexity of decentralized application development using such tools. The analysis of code complexity was performed using multiple code complexity metric assessment methods.
Julio Moreno, Manuel Serrano, Eduardo B. Fernández, Eduardo Fernández‐Medina
Big data ecosystems are increasingly important for the daily activities of any type of company. They are decisive elements in the organization, so any malfunction of this environment can have a great impact on the normal functioning of the company; security is therefore a crucial aspect of this type of ecosystem. When approaching security in big data as an issue, it must be considered not only during the creation and implementation of the big data ecosystem, but also throughout its entire lifecycle, including operation, and especially when managing and responding to incidents that occur. To this end, this paper proposes an incident response process supported by a private blockchain network that allows the recording of the different events and incidents that occur in the big data ecosystem. The use of blockchain enables the security of the stored data to be improved, increasing its immutability and traceability. In addition, the stored records can help manage incidents and anticipate them, thereby minimizing the costs of investigating their causes; that facilitates forensic readiness. This proposal integrates with previous research work, seeking to improve the security of big data by creating a process of secure analysis, design, and implementation, supported by a security reference architecture that serves as a guide in defining the different elements of this type of ecosystem. Moreover, this paper presents a case study in which the proposal is being implemented by using big data and blockchain technologies, such as Apache Spark or Hyperledger Fabric.
Blockchain technology is most likely to change the next decade of business.It enables transfer of digital property from one Internet user to another in a secure way without any intermediaries.The consequences of this breakthrough technology have a vast potential in all areas of business.Information Technology (IT) provides ready to use, end-to-end solutions and allow small businesses to focus on their core business.Recent innovations in IT have positively impacted businesses.With the emergence of blockchain technology, the convergence of telecom and computing is finally reaching maturity in a unified platform for doing business in the 21 st century.In this paper, we study the various ways in which blockchain technology can help small businesses and propose a framework that helps in choosing the appropriate blockchain application in the context of business process reengineering.
The Internet of things (IoT) Internet of Things (IoT) is considered a key driving force of what the JapaneseJapan government refers to as Society 5.0Society5.0, the image of an ideal future society that the JapaneseJapan government currently advocates. Society 5.0Society5.0 is defined as “a human-centered society that balances economic advancement with the resolution of social problems by a system that integrates cyberspace and physical spacePhysical space.” According to the government, “In Society 5.0Society5.0, a huge amount of information from sensorsSensors in physical spacePhysical space is accumulated in cyberspace.
The three cutting-edge technologies virtual reality, blockchain, and 5G have increasingly attracted public attention. While virtual reality became a popular concept in the 1990s, recent technological advances and decreased costs have created a resurgence in the technology. With significant funding and early adoption, blockchain and 5G have begun to make their mark on the world. Each technology alone may disrupt business and society, but, together, they provide multiple opportunities. In this paper, we summarize a 2018 Association for Information Systems Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS) panel session with IS researchers and industry practitioners that tackled important topics related to these technologies. In particular, the panel made the case for IS research that focuses on topics that emerge when these technologies intersect. Each panelist presented their perspectives based on their experience and knowledge along with current issues and future directions. This topic has significant business implications as practitioners continue to note their advancements and develop strategies to adapt in a rapidly changing environment. The topic also has implications for future research as these technologies continue to become more prevalent.
Günther Schuh, Jan Hicking, Max-Ferdinand Stroh, Justus Benning
The number of available technologies is constantly rising. Be it additive manufacturing, artificial intelligence (AI) or distributed ledger technologies. The choice of the right technologies may decide the fate of a company. Due to the overwhelming amount of information sources, regular technology market research becomes increasingly challenging, especially for SMEs. In order to assist the technology management process, the authors will introduce the architecture of an automated, AI-based technology radar. The architecture will automatically collect data from relevant sources, assess the relevance of the respective technology (i.e. their maturity level) and then visualize it on the radar map.
The purpose of this paper is to identify the impact and benefits of the latest information technologies on Accounting Information Systems (AIS). Taking into account the numerous papers related to new technologies and their application in the accounting profession within Industry 4.0, and conducted survey about perception of practitioners in Republic of North Macedonia, this paper summarizes the characteristics and key benefits of some of the new technologies for the functioning of AIS in the digital age. First of all, the evolution of AIS is elaborated, based on theoretical and empirical analysis of the accounting process from the appearance of the first AIS up to nowadays’ services and techniques available for supporting the accounting function. The first technology to be elaborated is Big Data and its potential to change the business landscape, especially in the field of automating operation processes, customer engagements, and predictive decision-making process. Secondly, the Blockchain Technology as an example of Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT), which adoption brings new possibilities in eliminating or redefining the role of entities external to the company. Cloud Computing i.e. Cloud Accounting is the third technology which is elaborated in this paper through the services it offers on the cloud, especially the way AIS process, store and backup the sensitive and confidential data. Last but not least, Artificial Intelligence (AI), a technology that could change the professional services, the need, and opportunities that are provided for a solution to the current accounting issues. In summary, taking into account the relevant literature and the perception of the respondents-practitioners, increased use of these technologies is necessary because their application reduces costs; increases transparency and confidence in information; flexibility, i.e. no time and space restrictions on their use, etc., which is especially useful in the current state of Pandemic, caused by the virus COVID-19.
The main goals of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) are to develop the intellectual abilities of students as well asprepare them for entering the labor market. The connection between HEIs and the labor market is why the effectivenessand quality
Open access
Online Learning and Analytics
Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning
Data mesh architecture is revolutionizing the field of data analytics, offering a fresh approach to how organizations manage and utilize data. Traditionally, centralized data warehouses and data lakes have dominated the landscape, but as the volume and complexity of data grow, these systems struggle to keep pace. Data mesh breaks away from the centralized model by promoting a decentralized and domain-oriented approach, where individual teams take ownership of their data. This shift enables organizations to treat data as a product, with each domain team responsible for managing and serving their data assets. The goal is to make data more accessible and usable across the organization while reducing bottlenecks that occur in centralized systems. Implementing data mesh architecture has profound implications for data management. It encourages better data governance, scalability, and flexibility, while fostering innovation and collaboration. However, it also introduces challenges, such as ensuring consistency, standardization, and proper integration across domains. The success of a data mesh strategy depends on a strong cultural shift, requiring both technical infrastructure and organizational alignment to support autonomous teams. Ultimately, data mesh offers the promise of unlocking the full potential of data in large organizations by making it more agile, democratized, and efficient. By embracing this architecture, businesses can better respond to the increasing demands of modern data management and gain a competitive edge in the digital landscape.
Andreas Vlachos, Klitos Christodoulou, Elias Iosif
This paper presents the design of a Blockchain Readiness Index (BRI) to be used as a tool for assisting nations to monitor the level of Blockchain maturity according to their suitability on hosting blockchain-based activities, and successfully adopting a blockchain regulatory framework. BRI is a composite index that combines a variety of indicators from a range of sources to a single score. The proposed methodology attempts to fill a knowledge gap by evaluating the relatively unexplored area of blockchain adoption per nation. The index presented in this paper aims to distinguish between the most promising and non-hostile countries, acting as the basis for professional work, decision making and operations of organizations, investors, academics, and other stakeholders within the blockchain space. As the index is updated regularly, all new developments on the fast-changing landscape of blockchain and cryptocurrencies are reflected. In addition, this research aims to go beyond the regulatory environment towards examining several other factors such as local engagement, expertise, investments, and the need for a decentralized provision of services. This paper presents an overview of the landscape of similar attempts on designing such indexes by reviewing and identifying potential gaps and opportunities for improving their methodological design that can lead to more accurate and relevant conclusions. In addition, with this paper we contribute a systematic methodology for building a BRI using techniques from the information retrieval domain to normalize the non-normalized values, and a cosine similarity measure to derive an index ranking consisting of various nations. More specifically the proposed BRI covers a wide range of blockchain readiness indicators which can be organized into the following “pillars”: (1) Government Regulation, (2) Research, (3) Technology, (4) Industry, and (5) User Engagement. An empirical evaluation reports preliminary but promising results of the algorithmic design methodology showing evidence that, the identified indicators are sufficient for developing our index when compared to judgements made by human experts.
Blockchains provide decentralised, tamper-free registries of transactions among partners that may not trust each other. For the scientific community, blockchain smart contracts have been proposed to decentralise and make more transparent multiple aspects of scholarly communications. We show how an Ethereum-based suite of smart contracts running on top of a Web-enabled governance framework can facilitate decentralised computation of citations that is trustworthy. We implement and evaluate Smart Papers, and extend it with a model for decentralised citation counts. We show how our approach complements current models for decentralised publishing and informetrics calculation, and analyse cost and performance implications.
Chelsea M. Anderson, Vivian W. Fang, James Moon, Jonathan E. Shipman
ABSTRACT This paper explores U.S. public firms’ cryptocurrency holdings and accounting practices from 2013 to 2022 against the backdrop of the recently enacted crypto accounting rule, ASU 2023‐08. Descriptive analyses suggest exponential growth in corporate crypto holdings and significant variation in crypto accounting practices, underscoring the rule's necessity. Hypothesis tests using the pre‐rule data reveal three insights with direct relevance to the rule. First, firms appear to view crypto assets more akin to investments than intangible assets, consistent with the rule's mandate of the fair value model. Second, Big 4 auditors steer firms toward the impairment model and less detailed presentation choices. This conservative approach is unlikely to meet the new rule's goal of providing the most decision‐useful information. Third, increased liquidity of crypto markets prompts the use of the fair value model and a more detailed presentation, consistent with the rule's focus on more actively traded tokens. However, within our sample, we find some evidence consistent with fair value reporting increasing stock return volatility and no evidence that it enhances earnings informativeness.
V. Lakshman Narayana, Arepalli Peda Gopi, Kosaraju Chaitanya
Blockchain is using in every aspect now because of its distributed ledger which is immutable. It provides the information to the users directly without any third party involvement. It mediates the transactions directly between the interacting parties securely. It also eliminates the friction and also the cost of current intermediaries. It is now using in healthcare system to provide the interoperability, security, decentralization and other. EMR is presently using in healthcare which has some issues. The issues in healthcare are patient cannot access the data of his/her own health information. So by this healthcare has issues like interoperability and delay in communication and some other. These issues can be solved by using the Blockchain in healthcare. By this Blockchain provide security by giving the patients to access their own data rather than provider.
Sebastian Lawrenz, Priyanka Sharma, Andreas Rausch
In the digital Economy 'Data is the new oil. In the last decade technology has disrupted every filed imaginable. One such booming technology is Blockchain. A blockchain is essentially a distributed database of records or public ledger of all transactions or digital events that have been executed and shared among participating parties. And once entered, the information is immutable. Ongoing projects and prior work in the fields of big data, data mining and data science has revealed how relevant data can be used to enhance products and services. There are uncountable applications and advantages of relevant data. The most valuable companies of today treat data as a commodity, which they trade and earn revenues.
Shreekanth M. Prabhu, K. N. Balasubramanya Murthy, Subramanyam Natarajan
The idea of Balanced Development is to ensure equitable distribution of necessities of life and creation of productive remunerative employment across society. Balanced development is a prerequisite for sustainable economic growth and shared prosperity. To facilitate this challenging task, we have proposed an Ontology-based Tantra Social Information Management Framework that can help set goals, design and evaluate interventions, define and monitor relevant metrics in an ongoing basis. Tantra Framework represents social information using ideas from Zachman Framework and concepts from Unified Foundational Ontology. Tantra Framework inter-operates with well-regarded models. Balanced Scorecard is used to define development objectives. Bartels’ Theory of Separations is used to identify barriers to access, consumption and profitable participation. Theory of Change process is used to arrive at right intervention. Distributed Ledgers are proposed to handle Change Management. A Social Information Management Process is proposed to keep the framework populated, complete and current. Tantra Framework can lead to broader Digital Governance Framework with strong cognizance of Social dimension. The paper explains how Tantra Framework can be used to realize Economic Development in Indian context.