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236 results · page 10 of 10
Manish Chand, Navin Ramachandran, Danail Stoyanov, Laurence Lovat
No abstract is available for this record.
Edward Meinert, Abrar Alturkistani, Kimberley Foley, Tasnime Osama · 9 authors
BACKGROUND: A blockchain is a digitized, decentralized, distributed public ledger that acts as a shared and synchronized database that records cryptocurrency transactions. Despite the shift toward digital platforms enabled by electronic medical records, demonstrating a will to reform the health care sector, health systems face issues including security, interoperability, data fragmentation, timely access to patient data, and silos. The application of health care blockchains could enable data interoperability, enhancement of precision medicine, and reduction in prescription frauds through implementing novel methods in access and patient consent. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the evidence on the strategies and frameworks utilized to implement blockchains for patient data in health care to ensure privacy and improve interoperability and scalability. It is anticipated this review will assist in the development of recommendations that will assist key stakeholders in health care blockchain implementation, and we predict that the evidence generated will challenge the health care status quo, moving away from more traditional approaches and facilitating decision making of patients, health care providers, and researchers. METHODS: A systematic search of MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Scopus, ProQuest Technology Collection and Engineering Index will be conducted. Two experienced independent reviewers will conduct titles and abstract screening followed by full-text reading to determine study eligibility. Data will then be extracted onto data extraction forms before using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool to appraise the quality of included randomized studies and the Risk of Bias in nonrandomized studies of Interventions to assess the quality of nonrandomized studies. Data will then be analyzed and synthesized. RESULTS: Database searches will be initiated in September 2018. We expect to complete the review in January 2019. CONCLUSIONS: This review will summarize the strategies and frameworks used to implement blockchains in health care to increase data privacy, interoperability, and scalability. This review will also help clarify if the strategies and frameworks required for the operationalization of blockchains in health care ensure the privacy of patient data while enabling efficiency, interoperability, and scalability. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): PRR1-10.2196/10994.
David M. Maslove, Jacob Klein, M. Kathryn Brohman, Patrick Martin
<sec> <title>BACKGROUND</title> Blockchain technology is emerging as an innovative tool in data and software security. </sec> <sec> <title>OBJECTIVE</title> This study aims to explore the role of blockchain in supporting clinical trials data management and develop a proof-of-concept implementation of a patient-facing and researcher-facing system. </sec> <sec> <title>METHODS</title> Blockchain-based Smart Contracts were built using the Ethereum platform. </sec> <sec> <title>RESULTS</title> We described BlockTrial, a system that uses a Web-based interface to allow users to run trials-related Smart Contracts on an Ethereum network. Functions allow patients to grant researchers access to their data and allow researchers to submit queries for data that are stored off chain. As a type of distributed ledger, the system generates a durable and transparent log of these and other transactions. BlockTrial could be used to increase the trustworthiness of data collected during clinical research with benefits to researchers, regulators, and drug companies alike. In addition, the system could empower patients to become more active and fully informed partners in research. </sec> <sec> <title>CONCLUSIONS</title> Blockchain technology presents an opportunity to address some of the common threats to the integrity of data collected in clinical trials and ensure that the analysis of these data comply with prespecified plans. Further technical work is needed to add additional functions. Policies must be developed to determine the optimal models for participation in the system by its various stakeholders. </sec>
Claude Pirtle, Jesse M. Ehrenfeld
No abstract is available for this record.
Shady Gomaa Abdulaziz, Norizan BintiMohd Yasin, Asmaa Hatem Rashid
Cancer is the major public health problem in developing countries. According to the international Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). The purpose of the study Coordination of activities within the Arab world and collaborative in cancer research among cancer research Institutes and healthcare organization based on the health information systems.
 Also, many approaches have been proposed for the some Arab countries to establish the health information systems and starting the cancer registry project in order to provide a good treatment for patients and how to develop effective cancer control programs, enhance cooperation in medical research. However, most of these researches did not address gaps in the decentralized and autonomous in healthcare organizational units. This study cover the recent review the relevant PubMed literature and cancer incidence data from various sources in the Arab world, and describes the health information systems precisely cancer registry project status. The objective from the current research was describes the cancer development in Arab world, the level of adoption the health information systems and Barriers to adapt in Arab world. The analysis of the collected data shows there is cancer incidence in Arab countries is increasing. It has been found that there is a need to adapt the health information system cancer control and prevention, planning strategy among healthcare organizations and research institutes. Is an essential step in facilitating this process, because it can improve cancer registries, create robust infrastructure, improve skills of personnel and lead to effective cancer control and prevention.
 © 2018 JASET, International Scholars and Researchers Association
 Author Biographies
 
 Shady Gomaa Abdullaziz
 Department of Information Science , Faculty of Computer Science and IT, University of Malaya, Kuala Lampur, Malaysia
 Norizan Binti Mohd Yasin
 Department of Information Science, Faculty of Computer Science and IT, University of Malaya, Kuala Lampur, MalaysiaAsmaa Hatem Rashid
 Department of Information Science , Faculty of Computer Science and IT, University of Malaya, Kuala Lampur, Malaysia
Vaso Rahimzadeh
Clinical research and health information data sharing are but ripples in a growing wave of reimagined applications of distributed ledger technologies beyond the digital marketplace for which they were originally created. This paper explores the use of distributed ledger technologies to facilitate single institutional ethics review of multi-site, collaborative studies in the dataintensive sciences such as genetics and genomics. Immutable record-keeping, automatable protocol amendments and direct connectivity between stakeholders in the research enterprise (e.g., researchers, research ethics committees, institutions, funders and regulators) comprise several of the conceptual and technological advantages of distributed ledger technologies to research ethics review. This novel-use proposal dovetails recent policy reforms to research ethics review across North America that mandate a single ethics review for any study that takes place across more than one research site. Such reforms in the United States, Canada and Australia replace prior institution-by-institution approval mechanisms that contributed to significant research delays and duplicative procedures for collaborative research worldwide. While this paper centers on the Common Rule revision in the United States, the single ethics review mandate is a noteworthy example of regulation evolving in parallel with advances in the dataintensive sciences it governs. The informational exchange capacities of distributed ledger technologies align well with the procedural goals of streamlining the ethics review system under the new Common Rule ahead of its official implementation on January 19, 2020. The ethical, legal and social implications of applying such technologies to ethics review will be explored in this concept paper. Namely, the paper proposes how administrative data from research ethics committees (REC) could be protected and shared responsibly, as well as interinstitutional cooperation negotiated within a centralized network of research ethics committees using the blockchain. Keywords: Blockchain, Data Sharing, Ethics Review, Governance, IRB, Research, Single Mutual Recognition
Amy Maxmen
No abstract is available for this record.
Kenneth Colon
Over the past decade, there have been many innovations in new payment and care delivery models and technology, from telemedicine to artificial intelligence (AI) to blockchain. These innovations, however, must be used in tandem to drive real change. We review each of these innovations and propose a model for how they can be combined to be greater than the sum of their parts. In doing so, we can create a global, decentralized health system that truly puts patient care at the center, while supporting and further enabling the clinicians who make this care possible, to deliver higher quality care at a fraction of the cost. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Behavioral Health, Blockchain, Collaborative Care, Decentralization,Direct Primary Care, Ethereum, Integration, Payment Models, Telemedicine, Virtual Assistants
Ming Chao Wong, Kwang Chien Yee, Christian Nøhr
Blockchain technology is often considered as the fourth industrial revolution that will change the world. The enthusiasm of the transformative nature of blockchain technology has infiltrated healthcare. Blockchain is often seen as the much needed and perfect technology for healthcare, addressing the difficult and complex issues of security and inter-operability. More importantly, the "value" and trust-based system can deliver automated action and response via its smart contract mechanism. Healthcare, however, is a complex system. Health information technology (HIT) so far, has not delivered its promise of transforming healthcare due to its complex socio-technical and context sensitive interaction. The introduction of blockchain technology will need to consider a whole range of socio-technical issues in order to improve the quality and safety of patient care. This paper presents a discussion on these socio-technical issues. More importantly, this paper argues that in order to achieve the best outcome from blockchain technology, there is a need to consider a clinical transformation from "information" to "value " and trust. This paper argues that urgent research is needed to address these socio-technical issues in order to facilitate best outcomes for blockchain in healthcare. These socio-technical issues must then be further evaluated by means of working prototypes in the medical domain in coming years.
Yu Zhuang, Lincoln Sheets, Zon‐Yin Shae, Jeffrey J. P. Tsai · 5 authors
"Blockchain" is a distributed ledger technology originally applied in the financial sector. This technology ensures the integrity of transactions without third-party validation. Its functions of decentralized transaction validation, data provenance, data sharing, and data integration are a good fit for the needs of health information exchange and clinical trials. We investigated the current workflow of Health Information Exchange and clinical trials; conducted design thinking processes with clinicians, trial managers, informaticians, and blockchain professionals; and implemented a private blockchain model to tackle known issues. We used coded Smart Contract regulations to simulate several scenarios in healthcare processes. This proof-of-concept work provides a feasible simulation for potential solutions to monitor clinical trials across different census regions persistently. Various levels of data access privileges have been designed to utilize a suite of customized Smart Contract settings. These settings emulate the workflow protocols for the monitoring entities, trial sponsors, clinical sponsors and participating subjects. Keywords: Blockchain, Smart Contract, Health Information Exchange, Clinical Trial, Persistent Monitoring.
Athina-Styliani Kleinaki, Petros Mytis-Gkometh, George Drosatos, Pavlos S. Efraimidis · 5 authors
Biomedical research and clinical decision depend increasingly on scientific evidence realized by a number of authoritative databases, mostly public and continually enriched via peer scientific contributions. Given the dynamic nature of biomedical evidence data and their usage in the sensitive domain of biomedical science, it is important to ensure retrieved data integrity and non-repudiation. In this work, we present a blockchain-based notarization service that uses smart digital contracts to seal a biomedical database query and the respective results. The goal is to ensure that retrieved data cannot be modified after retrieval and that the database cannot validly deny that the particular data has been provided as a result of a specific query. Biomedical evidence data versioning is also supported. The feasibility of the proposed notarization approach is demonstrated using a real blockchain infrastructure and is tested on two different biomedical evidence databases: a publicly available medical risk factor reference repository and on the PubMed database of biomedical literature references and abstracts.
Polina Mamoshina, Lucy O. Ojomoko, Yury Yanovich, Alex Ostrovski · 12 authors
// Polina Mamoshina 1,2 , Lucy Ojomoko 1 , Yury Yanovich 3 , Alex Ostrovski 3 , Alex Botezatu 3 , Pavel Prikhodko 3 , Eugene Izumchenko 4 , Alexander Aliper 1 , Konstantin Romantsov 1 , Alexander Zhebrak 1 , Iraneus Obioma Ogu 5 and Alex Zhavoronkov 1,6 1 Pharmaceutical Artificial Intelligence Department, Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University at Eastern, Baltimore, Maryland, USA 2 Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom 3 The Bitfury Group, Amsterdam, Netherlands 4 Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA 5 Africa Blockchain Artificial Intelligence for Healthcare Initiative, Insilico Medicine, Inc, Abuja, Nigeria 6 The Biogerontology Research Foundation, London, United Kingdom Correspondence to: Alex Zhavoronkov, email: // Keywords : artificial intelligence; deep learning; data management; blockchain; digital health Received : October 19, 2017 Accepted : November 02, 2017 Published : November 09, 2017 Abstract The increased availability of data and recent advancements in artificial intelligence present the unprecedented opportunities in healthcare and major challenges for the patients, developers, providers and regulators. The novel deep learning and transfer learning techniques are turning any data about the person into medical data transforming simple facial pictures and videos into powerful sources of data for predictive analytics. Presently, the patients do not have control over the access privileges to their medical records and remain unaware of the true value of the data they have. In this paper, we provide an overview of the next-generation artificial intelligence and blockchain technologies and present innovative solutions that may be used to accelerate the biomedical research and enable patients with new tools to control and profit from their personal data as well with the incentives to undergo constant health monitoring. We introduce new concepts to appraise and evaluate personal records, including the combination-, time- and relationship-value of the data. We also present a roadmap for a blockchain-enabled decentralized personal health data ecosystem to enable novel approaches for drug discovery, biomarker development, and preventative healthcare. A secure and transparent distributed personal data marketplace utilizing blockchain and deep learning technologies may be able to resolve the challenges faced by the regulators and return the control over personal data including medical records back to the individuals.
Mehdi Benchoufi, Philippe Ravaud
Reproducibility, data sharing, personal data privacy concerns and patient enrolment in clinical trials are huge medical challenges for contemporary clinical research. A new technology, Blockchain, may be a key to addressing these challenges and should draw the attention of the whole clinical research community.Blockchain brings the Internet to its definitive decentralisation goal. The core principle of Blockchain is that any service relying on trusted third parties can be built in a transparent, decentralised, secure "trustless" manner at the top of the Blockchain (in fact, there is trust, but it is hardcoded in the Blockchain protocol via a complex cryptographic algorithm). Therefore, users have a high degree of control over and autonomy and trust of the data and its integrity. Blockchain allows for reaching a substantial level of historicity and inviolability of data for the whole document flow in a clinical trial. Hence, it ensures traceability, prevents a posteriori reconstruction and allows for securely automating the clinical trial through what are called Smart Contracts. At the same time, the technology ensures fine-grained control of the data, its security and its shareable parameters, for a single patient or group of patients or clinical trial stakeholders.In this commentary article, we explore the core functionalities of Blockchain applied to clinical trials and we illustrate concretely its general principle in the context of consent to a trial protocol. Trying to figure out the potential impact of Blockchain implementations in the setting of clinical trials will shed new light on how modern clinical trial methods could evolve and benefit from Blockchain technologies in order to tackle the aforementioned challenges.
Mehdi Benchoufi, Raphaël Porcher, Philippe Ravaud
<ns4:p>Clinical trial consent for protocols and their revisions should be transparent for patients and traceable for stakeholders. Our goal is to implement a process allowing the collection of patients’ informed consent, which is bound to protocol revisions, storing and tracking the consent in a secure, unfalsifiable and publicly verifiable way, and enabling the sharing of this information in real time. For that, we will built a consent workflow using a rising technology called Blockchain. This is a distributed technology that brings a built-in layer of transparency and traceability. From a more general and prospective point of view, we believe Blockchain technology brings a paradigmatical shift to the entire clinical research field. We designed a Proof-of-Concept protocol consisting of time-stamping each step of the patient’s consent collection using Blockchain; thus archiving and historicising the consent through cryptographic validation in a securely unfalsifiable and transparent way. For each revision of the protocol, consent was sought again. We obtained a single document, in a standard open format, that accounted for the whole consent collection process: timestamped consent status with regards to each version of the protocol. This document cannot be corrupted, and can be checked on any dedicated public website. It should be considered as a robust proof of data. However, in a live clinical trial, the authentication system should be strengthened in order to remove the need for third parties, here the trial stakeholders, and give participative control to the peer-to-peer users. In the future, we think that the complex data flow of a clinical trial can be tracked using Blockchain, that a blockchain core functionality, named Smart Contract, could help prevent clinical trial events not to happen in the right chronological order: for example including patients before they consented or analysing case report forms data before freezing the database. Globally, we think Blockchain will help with reliability, security, and transparency, and could be a consistent step towards reproducibility.</ns4:p>
Thomas F Heston
Blockchain technology is a system of creating an immutable, secure, distributed database of transactions. Blockchains were initially created to provide a distributed ledger of financial transactions that did not rely upon a central bank, credit company, or other financial institution. The technological breakthrough, however, has been extended to transactions involving legal matters, medical records, insurance billing, and smart contracts. One primary way that blockchain technology is important to healthcare professionals in that it can revolutionize medical database interoperability. This greater interoperability can help improve access to medical records, imaging archives, prescription databases. Given that a patient’s medical history is a primary cornerstone of good medicine, blockchain technology has the potential to dramatically improve medical care.
Arjun Singh, Arun Pratap Srivastava, Pushpa Choudhary, Harikesh Pandey · 5 authors
The fourth industrial revolution, which will alter the globe, is commonly referred to as Blockchain technology. Blockchain technology provides a decentralized, distributed, and central authority-free environment. Since Bitcoin launched Blockchain, research has been continuing on non-financial use cases to extend their applicability. Healthcare is an industry with a significant influence on the Blockchain. Healthcare has penetrated the enthusiasm for the changing nature of Blockchain technology. Blockchain is frequently viewed as the most necessary and optimal healthcare technology to handle sophisticated and complex security and interoperability concerns. More significantly, the “value” and trust-based system’s smart contract mechanism can offer automatic action and reaction. Healthcare, on the other hand, is a complex system. In this paper, we introduce the blockchain and its properties, as well as the significance of the blockchain in healthcare. It also provides blockchain administration, adjudication of claims, interoperability, and application. While in several situations, we observed blockchain technology, the use of blockchain in health care was highly addressed in this paper and the reason why blockchain should be utilized. We introduce the advantages of blockchain as well. Furthermore, we examined the difficulties and prospects for the future and how they may be implemented in more healthcare industries. The paper also discusses the current level of Blockchain application development for healthcare and its limits and topics for further research. This paper aims to demonstrate how Blockchain technologies may be utilized in healthcare and what problems this technology may face in the future and what the Blockchain’s prospects are.
Vintech Solutions, Siddhartha Vadlamudi
Artificial intelligence (AI) delivers numerous chances to add to the prosperity of people and the stability of economies and society, yet besides, it adds up a variety of novel moral, legal, social, and innovative difficulties. Trustworthy AI (TAI) bases on the possibility that trust builds the establishment of various societies, economies, and sustainable turn of events, and that people, organizations, and societies can along these lines just at any point understand the maximum capacity of AI, if trust can be set up in its development, deployment, and use. The risks of unintended and negative outcomes related to AI are proportionately high, particularly at scale. Most AI is really artificial narrow intelligence, intended to achieve a specific task on previously curated information from a certain source. Since most AI models expand on correlations, predictions could fail to sum up to various populations or settings and might fuel existing disparities and biases. As the AI industry is amazingly imbalanced, and experts are as of now overpowered by other digital devices, there could be a little capacity to catch blunders. With this article, we aim to present the idea of TAI and its five essential standards (1) usefulness, (2) non-maleficence, (3) autonomy, (4) justice, and (5) logic. We further draw on these five standards to build up a data-driven analysis for TAI and present its application by portraying productive paths for future research, especially as to the distributed ledger technology-based acknowledgment of TAI.
Chris Berg, Sinclair Davidson, Jason Potts
Are there differences between the sale of an unopened Super Mario Bros. computer game and of the digital collage of 5,000 images? Viewed from the perspective of the doctrine of exhaustion, we can easily conclude that the two transfers have significant differences. The auction of the tangible data carrier of the Super Mario’s 1986 edition (for $660,000) 1 fits well into the doctrine. The auction of the NFT (non-fungible token) representing Beeple’s “Everdays: the First 5000 Days” (for an equivalent of an astounding $69.3 million) 2 seems to be hype with a snowball effect rather than a modern encapsulation of digital exhaustion. Some commentators, 3 including the present author in collaboration with Alexandra Giannapoulou, João Pedro Quintais, and Balázs Bodó, 4 have thoroughly introduced the incompatibility of the NFT mania with the existing copyright status quo, and so – in connection with the present book’s topic – the sale of tokenized information, which is capable of representing information related to digital artworks, is practically excluded from the scope of the exhaustion of the right of distribution. At the same time, NFTs de facto offer a “code-based digital ecosystem that has practical consequences for the copyright-relevant fields of creativeness.” 5 The sale and resale of NFTs is possible; an exchange of information and title to “own” and “trade” information related to copyrightable subject matter is technologically guaranteed. In line with that, a quasi-exhaustion regime has also emerged. As such, the NFT mania can practically evidence the need for and modern technology’s capability of offering digital marketplaces for artworks as well.
Kevin Curran, Eric Nichols, Ermai Xie, Roy Harper
BACKGROUND: Software to help control diabetes is currently an embryonic market with the main activity to date focused mainly on the development of noncomputerized solutions, such as cardboard calculators or computerized solutions that use "flat" computer models, which are applied to each person without taking into account their individual lifestyles. The development of true, mobile device-driven health applications has been hindered by the lack of tools available in the past and the sheer lack of mobile devices on the market. This has now changed, however, with the availability of pocket personal computer handsets. METHOD: This article describes a solution in the form of an intelligent neural network running on mobile devices, allowing people with diabetes access to it regardless of their location. Utilizing an easy to learn and use multipanel user interface, people with diabetes can run the software in real time via an easy to use graphical user interface. The neural network consists of four neurons. The first is glucose. If the user's current glucose level is within the target range, the glucose weight is then multiplied by zero. If the glucose level is high, then there will be a positive value multiplied to the weight, resulting in a positive amount of insulin to be injected. If the user's glucose level is low, then the weights will be multiplied by a negative value, resulting in a decrease in the overall insulin dose. RESULTS: A minifeasibility trial was carried out at a local hospital under a consultant endocrinologist in Belfast. The short study ran for 2 weeks with six patients. The main objectives were to investigate the user interface, test the remote sending of data over a 3G network to a centralized server at the university, and record patient data for further proofing of the neural network. We also received useful feedback regarding the user interface and the feasibility of handing real-world patients a new mobile phone. Results of this short trial confirmed to a large degree that our approach (which also can be known as intensive insulinotherapy) has value and perhaps that our neural network approach has implications for future intelligent insulin pumps. CONCLUSIONS: Currently, there is no software available to tell people with diabetes how much insulin to inject in accordance with their lifestyle and individual inputs, which leads to adjustments in software predictions on the amount of insulin to inject. We have taken initial steps to supplement the knowledge and skills of health care professionals in controlling insulin levels on a daily basis using a mobile device for people who are less able to manage their disease, especially children and young adults.
Martin Thomas Ivers, George F. Timson, Hans von Blankensee, Gary Whitfield · 6 authors
The United States Veterans Administration provides a medical care delivery system comprising more than 170 hospitals, clinics and domicilliaries. Historically, these institutions have been relatively autonomous in their day-to-day operations and consequently efforts at computerization have been difficult to adequately coordinate. A recent undertaking of the VA has been to establish decentralized coordination of planning and implementation for hospital computer systems. This presents a unique opportunity to promote standard, portable and well-designed solutions to meet the widely variable needs of a large and diverse health care delivery organization. Although computer systems for each hospital will vary with the needs of the hospital, functional program packages can be delivered and maintained in a cost-effective and manpower-efficient manner. Additionally, because all systems will be based on a common data dictionary it will be possible to gracefully expand systems as needed and to study clinical care and delivery methodologies across many institutions.