Ketahanan Rantai Pasok Kemanusiaan Pascabencana melalui Blockchain: Tinjauan Sistematis dan Proof-of-Concept Ketertelusuran Bantuan

Abstract

Post-disaster aid logistics is frequently affected by fragmented data, mismatches between needs and availability, distribution delays, and weak accountability. This study integrates a systematic literature review (SLR) and a proof-of-concept (PoC) to examine how blockchain can support data governance and aid traceability. Articles published in 2020-2025 were retrieved from ScienceDirect and Scopus, selected using PRISMA principles, and synthesized thematically from 31 eligible studies. The synthesis identified coordination and information alignment, along with traceability of goods, funds, beneficiaries, and delivery status, as the dominant issues. Frequently reported mechanisms included distributed ledgers, smart contracts, audit trails, cryptographic identities, and role verification. These findings were translated into a Solidity-based smart-contract PoC on a local Ganache network covering requests, stock, allocation, shipment, receipt validation, and event logs. Three synthetic scenarios and an access-control test showed that valid transactions were recorded, over-allocation was rejected, receipt discrepancies were flagged, and unauthorized operations were reverted. Blockchain is therefore better positioned as an infrastructure for data governance and transaction validation than as a standalone solution to all disaster-logistics problems.