都市の政策構造シフトと都市内分権：米国シアトル市のネイバーフッドカウンシル（District Council）の制度廃止（2016）

Abstract

We examined what happened in the policy structure in Seattle（WA), USA, gazing at the institutional abolition by mayor's Executive Order (in 2016) of the Neighborhood Council ("District Council" in Seattle) system, an "inner-city decentralized" organization. We investigated the support-allocation for this system by the city (Neighborhood Service Centers, staffing of Neighborhood District Coordinators) over years, as well as as a basis for that the shift in the "policy attitude" of the mayor and uconventional city council members,who who emerged en masse in 2015. As a result, a new framework was required to respond to the overwhelmingly rapid and unprecedented changes in urban structure (population, inequality, and housing prices) that hit Seattle since around 2010. The energetic response was a radical-left coalition of radical mayor Ed Murray and a new phase of new city council members, many of whom had emerged as a result of the primary election reforms. A "policy structural shift" was underway that attempted to implement a policy mix of housing policy, finance, and taxation measures, with the concept of housing expansion in conjunction with affordable housing (ap-zoning). In the process, it turned out that in the eyes of these political leaders, the Neighborhood Council's system, the inner-city decentralized system was an old and useless structure to face the new challenges of urban policy and was to be discarded.