Science–policy translation for Lassa fever control in West Africa: a qualitative synthesis of regional evidence

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Lassa fever remains a major public health threat in West Africa, requiring coordinated scientific, policy, and financing responses. Regional scientific convenings are increasingly used to connect research evidence with policy action, yet their contribution to epidemic preparedness is not well documented. METHODS: We conducted a qualitative health systems and policy analysis of the 2nd ECOWAS Lassa Fever International Conference (ELFIC 2025) in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. Data sources comprised 302 scientific abstracts, plenary and ministerial session records, and the official Ministerial Joint Communiqué. Using the conference's six thematic pillars as a deductive framework, we conducted a thematic content analysis and synthesized findings into four domains: scientific advances; surveillance and laboratory systems; policy and financing insights; and cross-cutting lessons for regional preparedness. RESULTS: Progress was noted in diagnostics, therapeutics, vaccine development, decentralized laboratory capacity, genomic surveillance, and digital reporting. Persistent gaps remain at sub-national and community levels, in surveillance coverage, workforce capacity, and operational readiness. A major outcome was the Ministerial Joint Communiqué endorsing regional co-financing for Lassa fever vaccine development. CONCLUSION: ELFIC 2025 demonstrates the role of regional scientific platforms in aligning evidence with policy commitments. Sustained impact will require institutionalized coordination, strengthened accountability, and targeted investments in frontline capacity.