1980년대 이후 라틴아메리카 탈중앙화 및 지방정부 발전유형 고찰

Abstract

Since the early of 1980s, the most Latin America countries has been process of decentralization characterized as an important factor to advance of democratization with economic and political reforms of central governments. Following the demise of developmental statism operated in the periods of military governments(1960s-1970s), this region has moved into structural change of government system between central and local ones. Reviewing this process, this thesis discovers the huge changes of pattern, especially in the local areas in Latin American societies. Firstly, the process of decentralization brought out a huge transfer of many public policies(e.g. education, health care, housing, transportation poverty reduction and welfare, etc.), finance and resource into the local governments, such as provinces, states and municipals. Secondly this thesis argues the concept of principle of subsidiarity and provides the conceptual backgrounds of decentralization and the causes of emerging local government in Latin America. Thirdly, this thesis focuses on the institutional change(constitution, local law, etc) to build up local government system. On the basis of the above arguments, this thesis moves into the another study of development patten of local government between and governmental one in this region. Beyond the old category for explaining the emerging of local government, such as administrative, financial and political decentralization process, this thesis develops more dualist patterns of local governments and brings out many variables for investigating the real pattern of government(legal status, average population size, metropolitan governance, inter-municipal collaboration, general powers, inter-governmental fiscal transfer system, financial control and audit, electoral system, ratio of citizens to elected officers, voters turnout and finally citizen participation). After analyzing these variables, this thesis observes the real development pattern of Latin American local governments and finalizes the current pattern remains the type of managerial one. In the conclusion, this thesis also challenges the current Latin American ways of democratic development with expanding of local governments, prospects and limits in the process of decentralization and the emerging of local governments.