THE CHOICE OF DIGITAL CURRENCY TECHNICAL ARCHITECTURE AND THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PATH OF CENTRAL BANK DIGITAL CURRENCY

Abstract

The evolution of the technical architecture of digital currencies is profoundly reshaping the global monetary system. This article starts from the core dimensions of technical architecture selection, systematically analyzes the technical characteristics and applicable scenarios of blockchain, distributed ledgers, and hybrid architectures, and combines the two-tier operation system design of central bank digital currencies (CBDC) to explore their sustainable development paths in areas such as payment efficiency, privacy protection, and regulatory compliance. Research shows that the modular reconfiguration of the technical architecture, the improvement of cross-chain interoperability, and the application of quantum-secure encryption technology are the keys to promoting the realization of "controllable anonymity" and global deployment of CBDCS. This article puts forward policy suggestions such as driving technological iteration through a regulatory sandbox mechanism and building a multilateral central bank digital currency bridge, providing theoretical support for the maintenance of monetary sovereignty and the upgrading of financial infrastructure in the digital currency era.