From crowdfunding to single donor: investigating foreign philanthropic funding funneling to MIT terrorism networks

Abstract

This study explores the strategic shift in terrorist financing methods employed by the Mujahidin Indonesia Timur (MIT) network, specifically the transition from decentralized crowdfunding to centralized single-donor mechanisms. Using a qualitative case study grounded in Fraud Diamond Theory, this research investigates how foreign philanthropic channels are manipulated to support militant operations. The findings reveal that single donors possess the technical sophistication to exploit transnational financial systems, specifically through the manipulation of Non-Profit Organizations (NPOs) and informal charity networks. Consequently, this study proposes an enhanced risk-profiling framework for Financial Intelligence Units (FIUs) that prioritizes individual behavioral patterns and ideological alignments over mere transactional volumes, offering critical insights for anticipatory counter-terrorism financing measures