Blockchain, Cryptocurrencies, and Sustainability

Abstract

The increasing complexity of global supply chains has intensified the need for stronger environmental, social, and governance (ESG) oversight and transparency. Traditional governance mechanisms often rely on fragmented information systems and periodic reporting processes that limit the credibility of sustainability monitoring across distributed supply networks. Emerging technologies such as blockchain and tokenization provide new opportunities to enhance transparency, traceability, and accountability in ESG governance. Drawing on the Natural Resource-Based View, Agency Theory, and Stakeholder Theory, this chapter explores how decentralized technologies can improve data verifiability, reduce information asymmetries, and support more reliable ESG governance in sustainable supply chains.