An Efficient SM9-ABS Vehicle Identity Authentication Scheme on Blockchain for VANETs

Abstract

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs), as the core infrastructure of intelligent transportation systems, face critical security challenges such as privacy leakage and difficulties in tracing malicious behavior due to open wireless channels and high node mobility. While blockchain-based identity authentication offers inherent advantages like decentralization, making it suitable for the distributed networking scenarios of VANETs, current solutions still suffer from notable shortcomings, including a lack of compliance with the SM9 standard and insufficient regulatory oversight. To resolve the fundamental tension between vehicle identity privacy protection and regulatory traceability in VANETs, this paper proposes an efficient SM9-ABS vehicle identity authentication scheme on blockchain for VANETs. By optimizing SM9 parameters, the scheme integrates Attribute-Based Signature (ABS) and Zero-Knowledge Succinct Non-Interactive Argument of Knowledge (zk-SNARKs) primitives to construct an efficient fine-grained attribute signature generation and verification algorithm, ensuring both security and computational efficiency. An SM9-based threshold identity tracing mechanism is designed to prevent single-point authority abuse, achieving privacy-preserving authentication with controllable accountability. Finally, a complete formal security proof is provided under the q-Strong Diffie-Hellman (q-SDH) hardness assumption, and comparative experiments demonstrate the superior comprehensive performance of the proposed scheme.