Decentralized electronic voting system using smart contracts on the TRON blockchain

Abstract

This paper presents the design and implementation of a decentralized electronic voting system based on a hybrid architecture that integrates the TRON blockchain with off-chain authentication mechanisms.The proposed solution employs smart contracts written in Solidity to record votes in an immutable and publicly auditable manner, while a backend service implemented in Node.js and a MySQL database handles voter authentication and enforces voter uniqueness.To prevent duplicate voting and ensure auditability, cryptographic hash functions are used to bind voter credentials and election parameters to each vote without exposing sensitive data on-chain.Experimental results demonstrate that the system effectively mitigates common security threats, such as duplicate voting and unauthorized data manipulation, while maintaining low transaction costs and practical usability.The findings indicate that the proposed hybrid approach provides a secure, transparent, and cost-effective alternative for electronic voting systems in real-world scenarios.