Decentralized and Secure AOI Framework Using Smart Contracts on Jetson Devices

Abstract

This study presents a novel decentralized and secure Automatic Optical Inspection (AOI) framework utilizing blockchain technology and smart contracts deployed on Nvidia Jetson edge computing devices to address integration complexities, security vulnerabilities, and excessive energy consumption in traditional AOI systems. The proposed architecture leverages Jetson devices as both processing units for image analysis and blockchain nodes, creating a decentralized network where inspection results are recorded through smart contracts. This approach ensures data immutability, transparency, auditability, and system resilience through decentralization. Experimental evaluation across three Jetson device models (Nano, Xavier NX, and Orin Nano Super) demonstrate that blockchain operations consume minimal resources. With the newer hardware Jetson Orin Nano Super showing average CPU usage of only 5.35% during blockchain operations (including ordering service), significant computational capacity remains available for AI-driven image inspection tasks. This enables the simultaneous execution of computer vision and AI recognition, as well as secure blockchain data recording, on a single edge device. The research implementing blockchain technology in resource-constrained edge devices proves the feasibility of blockchain-secured AOI in manufacturing environments.