Blockchain et Données de Santé : Enjeux Juridiques et Perspectives Régulatoires

Abstract

The use of blockchain in healthcare is attracting growing interest due to its ability to guarantee the integrity, traceability, and transparency of sensitive data processing. However, its integration into a legal environment strictly regulated by the GDPR and French healthcare data law faces major tensions: immutability versus the right to erasure, decentralization versus legal responsibility, transparency versus medical confidentiality. After reviewing the legal obstacles, this article proposes a series of regulatory adjustments aimed at making the use of distributed ledgers in healthcare legally viable. It calls for dedicated governance, a functional interpretation of rights, and regulation by design in order to reconcile technological innovation with the protection of fundamental rights.