Data Security and Privacy Preserving in Power System

Abstract

In Peer-to-Peer (P2P) energy trading for the smart grid, secure and efficient information exchange is essential to protect against privacy risks and cyber threats. This paper introduces a multi-stage information protection scheme that safeguards data privacy, message authentication, and confidentiality in a continuous double auction (CDA)-based trading environment. The scheme functions across three phases: (1) In the home energy data collection stage, short-key homomorphic encryption within a decentralized framework secures user data. (2) During trading, an encryption-signature (E-S) model ensures secure transmission of sensitive bidding information from prosumers. (3) In the implementation phase, a decentralized monitoring system detects and prevents node compromise attacks on power measurements. Evaluations highlight the scheme’s computational feasibility, low time costs, and resilience against cyber-attacks, with tests on the IEEE 39-bus distribution network confirming its security. Furthermore, this scheme addresses limitations of traditional, operator-reliant methods in microgrids. With zero-knowledge proof-based authentication and homomorphic encryption for private energy pricing, the framework uses a lightweight, tree-chained transaction ledger to ensure data integrity. Tests confirm the framework’s support for secure, private energy trading with high accuracy and minimal delays. Lastly, the scheme addresses security and privacy challenges of IoT-integrated smart meters, critical for global energy management but vulnerable to data breaches. Through differential privacy-based aggregation and distributed data validation, the IoT model protects consumer privacy and ensures data integrity. In conclusion, this multi-faceted protection scheme strengthens privacy and security in P2P energy trading for the smart grid, enhancing data protection, system reliability, and user confidence in a decentralized energy landscape.