CRYPTOCURRENCY IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY: OPERATIONAL TRENDS, CHALLENGES, AND PROSPECTS FOR RUSSIA

Abstract

This study analyzes current development trends and regulatory approaches to the global cryptocurrency market within the context of digitalization and the transformation of the financial system. The work provides a detailed characterization and classification of key types of crypto-assets (Bitcoin, Ether, stablecoins, altcoins, and tokens), defining their functions as means of payment, investment objects, and components of decentralized finance. Based on statistics from authoritative international organizations, the market dynamics, its capitalization, and geographical distribution were examined. Key identified problems include the absence of unified international regulatory standards, the risk of money laundering, cyber threats, and high volatility. As a prospect, the necessity of a balanced approach combining innovation and security through the harmonization of legislation, strengthening international cooperation, and the legitimization of crypto instruments is substantiated. The results of the study deepen the understanding of the role of digital assets in the economy and serve as a basis for developing effective state policy in the field of financial innovation.