Blockchain-Enabled Drug Traceability: Evaluating Smart Contract Performance

Abstract

The modern pharmaceutical supply chain needs robust transparent systems to protect drugs authenticity across all distribution stages because of rising counterfeit medicine threats. This paper develops an Internet of Things (IoT) blockchain framework which implements smart contracts for complete pharmaceutical product traceability together with drugs verification. The proposed solution architecture measures its performance through scalability, latency and throughput metrics. we developed a custom smart contract through optimized state control logic and low gas costs and efficient batch processing functions. The architecture ensures high-throughput operation because it keeps transaction processing times short for large transaction volumes. The system evaluation shows latency results between$\mathbf{1 8 0} \boldsymbol{-} \mathbf{2 5 0}$milliseconds with throughput results between 50–60 transactions per second and batch processing capabilities between 1,000 and 10,000 transactions which demonstrates its scalability and responsiveness. The framework offers an effective solution against counterfeit drugs using secure blockchain execution of IoT device data while preserving supply chain integrity and transparency and maintaining operational efficiency.