Blockchain-Based Medical Supply Chain with Smart Contract Enforcement

Abstract

The medical supply chain is highly complex and vulnerable to inefficiencies, lack of transparency, and counterfeit drug infiltration, which threaten patient safety and healthcare reliability. Addressing these issues requires a secure, traceable, and automated framework to ensure product authenticity and regulatory compliance. This paper proposes a Blockchain-Based Medical Supply Chain Framework enhanced with smart contract enforcement and IoT integration. Built on Hyperledger Fabric, the system provides immutable records, auditable transactions, and fine-grained access control among stakeholders such as manufacturers, distributors, logistics providers, and hospitals. Smart contracts automate critical processes, including shipment validation, quality inspections, and payment authorization, while IoT sensors continuously monitor temperature and humidity to safeguard sensitive medical products. A prototype implementation was tested under simulated conditions, yielding a 34% reduction in transaction delays, 62% improvement in traceability, and 90% reduction in counterfeit infiltration. The results confirm the framework's effectiveness in enhancing efficiency, trust, and resilience in healthcare logistics.