Application of Smart Contracts in the Formalization of Roles in Freight Transportation Systems

Abstract

Purpose. The aim of the study is to develop a detailed role model for the implementation of smart contracts in the logistics processes of freight transportation, which will enable the automation of interaction between participants and increase the transparency of operations. Methodology. To achieve the stated goal, a systemic approach using context-role analysis was applied. The study involves a detailed decomposition of the stages of the logistics chain when applying smart contracts, identification of key participants, and definition of their functions, rights, and responsibilities. This approach makes it possible to clearly delineate areas of responsibility, reduce the risk of conflicts, and ensure the transparency of each participant’s actions. The developed UML diagram demonstrates the sequence of interactions between subjects, and the integration of smart contracts ensures the automation and immutability of operations. Findings. A comprehensive analysis of logistics processes using smart contracts was carried out, which made it possible to define the rights and responsibilities for seven basic roles of logistics operation participants. This approach provides a holistic view of the system and makes it possible to describe the logic of interactions between subjects. The developed model demonstrates the automation of contract conclusion and execution, which contributes to the reduction of document processing time, optimization of operations, and ensuring a high level of data security in the distributed ledger. Originality. An approach is proposed that enables the integration of formalized roles of freight transportation participants with smart contract technology. The detailed structuring of the functional responsibilities of each role makes it possible to implement the program logic of a decentralized system, which significantly expands the possibilities of automated logistics process management. The approach is universal and can be adapted to different types of logistics scenarios. Practical value. The developed role model creates favorable conditions for the implementation of blockchain solutions in the field of freight transportation, which makes it possible to digitalize logistics processes, increase trust between supply chain participants, and reduce operational costs. The obtained results have practical application for logistics operators, software developers, and consulting companies that seek to modernize existing transportation management systems. The model can also be useful for educational purposes in the fields of logistics, computer science, and management.