Blockchain-empowered storage architectures for static and dynamic 2d media: A comprehensive review

Abstract

The rapid proliferation of digital media necessitates resilient paradigms for managing, authenticating, and preserving static and dynamic 2D data. Since centralized repositories are vulnerable to tampering and pure blockchain storage remains economically prohibitive for high-fidelity multimedia, this comprehensive review demonstrates that a hybrid on-chain/off-chain architecture constitutes the most viable solution. By anchoring immutable metadata on robust ledgers while offloading heavy graphical payloads to distributed networks like IPFS and Arweave, this paradigm optimizes both security and cost. For static 2D formats, current research emphasizes cryptographic provenance, digital rights management, and tamper detection via perceptual hashing. Conversely, dynamic 2D formats require advanced architectural optimizations, including decentralized streaming protocols, progressive rendering, and complex temporal metadata indexing. Despite these technological advancements, widespread adoption is severely impeded by critical bottlenecks such as network scalability limits, fragmented cross-chain interoperability, and the absence of universal benchmarking datasets. To bridge the gap between experimental frameworks and enterprise integration, future research must prioritize developing interoperable metadata schemas, Layer-2 performance optimizations for high-bandwidth streaming and integrating privacy-preserving cryptographic primitives like Zero-Knowledge Proofs. Ultimately, this paper provides a foundational roadmap for architecting scalable, decentralized digital asset management ecosystems.