Next-Generation E-Voting Security using Blockchain Technology

Abstract

E-voting systems are gaining ground in international space, considering the versatility embedded in them in terms of making voting far more accessible and less expensive in logistics. Such systems, however, pose much higher security issues regarding privacy, especially while using biometric details, such as facial recognition, to verify the voter. The paper describes an e-voting system based on the blockchain architecture coupled with advanced privacy-preserving techniques like Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs) and end-to-end encryption. Voters have shied away from adopting this voting system as it is ensured by decentralization, transparency, and tamper-proofness, all at the cost of their identity and biometric data. In addition to this, this blockchain-based system also ensures that no one control is there for the voting process by any particular entity; hence, it guarantees impartiality. Because of ZKPs, it is ensured that voter verification can take place without exposing sensitive personal data in nature. Unlike the traditional e-voting-on-a-blockchain models, ours includes a dynamic key rotation mechanism for further anonymity of votes, with a multi-layer encryption to protect voter credentials even against potential quantum computing threats. Further, this blocking-based system makes sure that not a single entity is controlling the entire process of voting, thus guaranteeing impartiality. Voter verification takes place through the means of ZKP without any sensitive personal information being revealed. As a result, end-to-end encryption keeps intact the integrity of a vote from the moment it is cast until it is finally counted, further building confidence in the election process. It turns out to be a safe and scalable solution for future worldwide adoption of evoting.