Hybrid Reputation Routing for Decentralized Networks: A Blockchain-Enabled Secure and Scalable Protocol with On-Chain/Off-Chain Partitioning

Abstract

Our suggestion is a hybrid reputation-based routing protocol in the context of decentralized routing. networks which partitions trust measurements to on-chain immutable logs and off-chain dynamic computations to attain security and scalability. The protocol incorporates a layer of sharded blockchain to store critical. trust data and local reputation model to do real-time updates, enabling routing choices that cannot be tampered with. performance. The trust ledger which operated on-chain kept the records of the impartiality of. Historical performance and node identities, whereas the off-chain reputation engine uses graph neural network to calculate dynamic. real-time scores like packet delivery rate to be trusted. and latency. Additionally, it uses rollup-based batches of synchronization off-chain. optimistic updates to zero-knowledge proofs, making on-chain efficient. checking with minimum overhead. The suggested approach replaces conventional network discovery and forwarding modules using trust-based adjacency lists and trust-based pathing, and thus enhancing routing consistency over adversarial settings. Moreover, the structure integrates Hyperledger Fabric with. Graph Attention Network-based high-throughput sharded ledger operations. to update reputation in a privacy-preserving manner, proving to be linear. network size scalability. The experimental findings indicate that the system supports 10,000 transactions per shard and produces. Under 100 ms per ZK-Rollup proof, which is appropriate to large-scale IoT. and DeFi deployments. This publication fills the gap between pure on-chain. and off-chain reputation systems, which provides a viable solution to scalable and secure decentralized routing.