Decentralized Identity Verification for Third Gender Individuals Using Blockchain

Abstract

Due to a combination of both rigid binary structures within formal identification systems and ambiguous laws; along with discriminatory practices, third gender individuals continue to be excluded from formal identity systems. Most existing centralized identity verification systems have failed to provide non-binary identity solutions, resulting in limited access to banking services, education services, legal protection and access to health care. This paper examines the ability of decentralized identity systems using blockchain technologies to provide users with secure, private and self-managed identity options for third gender individuals. It evaluates the core technology of decentralized identity systems, specifically decentralized identifiers (DIDs); verifiable credentials (VCs); smart contracts; and zero knowledge proof; through an examination of real-world examples. Additionally, the paper outlines the technical and legal constraints associated with decentralized identity systems, specifically literacy requirements; lack of consistency in national frameworks for recognition; and risk of symbolic inclusion (i.e., "being included" rather than having the rights of recognition) rather than actual structural reforms.