ЦИФРОВЫЕ ФИНАНСОВЫЕ АКТИВЫ В РОССИИ: ПРАВОВОЕ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЕ, ОСОБЕННОСТИ, ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ

Abstract

В статье рассмотрены особенности цифровых финансовых активов (ЦФА) – качественно новой экономической категории, имеющей значительный потенциал в качестве инструмента инвестирования и финансирования бизнеса. Представлена краткая характеристика правового регулирования ЦФА, необходимая для понимания их сущности и состава входящих объектов. Выявлены основные преимущества, недостатки и возможные перспективы развития ЦФА в России. Introduction. Among the most promising cutting-edge tools that can significantly transform and improve the efficiency of business operations are, first and foremost, artificial intelligence, digital and cloud technologies, distributed ledger technologies, robotization, and many others. The emergence of fundamentally new objects, such as digital rights, including digital financial assets, cryptocurrency and others, necessitates an examination of their economic substance and an evaluation of the opportunities and challenges associated with their practical application. This article aims to present the findings of a study on the economic nature of digital financial assets (DFAs), their legislative and regulatory mechanisms, the benefits and risks they pose, and an analysis of their potential use in Russia. Results. The article focuses on the critical aspects of legal regulation of the new economic categories, including digital rights and DFAs. It uncovers their essence and features and presents various perspectives of specialists on the primary characteristics of DFAs. The article outlines the crucial prerequisites for the development of the global and domestic DFA market (the active use of blockchain technology, widespread use of cryptocurrencies, and global and macroeconomic changes). It provides data on the volume of transactions with DFAs in Russia for 2022-2023 and an evaluation of market growth prospects. The article also presents the main advantages of DFAs, such as investment attractiveness, security and transparency of records entered into the blockchain, the possibility of "splitting" a significant investment asset into parts, the lack of risk of unauthorized changes, and others. It also discusses the challenges of their practical use. The study concludesthat the use of DFAs as a tool for attracting investment (also by medium and small businesses) and financing, with an understanding of their inherent risks, will facilitate effective financial and investment decision-making. It will also assist in the optimization of business processes and interactions with business partners.