Data Security Solution for Sustainable Desulfurization Gypsum Resource Valuation

Abstract

This paper proposes a hybrid IoT-blockchain architecture designed to ensure the security and value enhancement of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum throughout its entire lifecycle. At the edge, sensor data is encrypted using AES-256, with RSA-2048 handling key exchange, achieving a hybrid encryption overhead of 1.84 milliseconds per kilobyte. A permissioned Proof-of-Authority consensus mechanism delivers$\text{1, 7 0 0}$transactions per second with a confirmation time of just 0.59 seconds. An immutable ledger records purity, moisture, volume, and origin data; smart contracts automatically execute compliance checks and quality balance reconciliations. During a$\text{1 2}$-month field deployment at a 1.2-million-ton coal-fired power plant, the system reduced unauthorized access attempts by 94.7%, lowered transportation quality disputes by 80%, and improved downstream price stability by 18%. Scalable to 145,000 daily records, the system supports sub-second queries for$\text{8 5 {\%}}$of calls and achieves post-quantum security through zero-knowledge proof integration. This framework transforms industrial byproduct tracking into a verifiable, real-time asset valuation tool.