An Exploratory Study on Bitcoin Valuation: Identifying Relevant Methods in Valuing Bitcoin as a Crypto Asset

Abstract

The fair value assessment of Bitcoin has become a pivotal concern in contemporary finance because to its significant volatility, constrained supply, and increasing institutional acceptance. In contrast to conventional assets influenced by cash flows, Bitcoin's value is determined by scarcity, community trust, network utility, and regulatory considerations. This research utilizes a qualitative grounded theory methodology by examining interviews and podcasts featuring prominent Indonesian cryptocurrency specialists. Coding analysis identifies four fundamental paradigms: legitimacy and decentralization as value sources, regulation and market infrastructure as value determinants, speculative risk and centralization as value detractors, and investment strategies and price cycles as moderating influences. Research indicates that Bitcoin's fair value depends on value base, value transfer, risk discount, and investor strategy. The research underscores the imperative for unconventional valuation models that incorporate on-chain data, regulatory frameworks, and market dynamics to improve transparency, accountability, and confidence in the digital financial ecosystem.