Smart Secure and Scalable Election System using Blockchain with Privacy Preservation and Anomaly Detection

Abstract

In response to the growing demand for secure and transparent digital elections, this paper presents a blockchain based Smart Election System that leverages advanced cryptographic and artificial intelligence techniques to ensure privacy, scalability, and verifiability. The proposed system integrates multi-factor authentication, Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs), smart contracts, and a sharded blockchain ledger to enable real-time, tamper-proof voting. Additionally, an Artificial intelligence based anomaly detection module monitors voting behaviour to flag suspicious patterns.Experimental evaluation demonstrates that the system achieves an average vote transaction latency of 1100ms with sharding, compared to 2800ms without it. The throughput increases from 130 to 220 votes/sec when sharding is enabled. ZKP integration ensures privacy at the cost of a moderate increase in validation time from 130ms to 230ms. The anomaly detection model, based on supervised learning, attained 92% precision, 88% recall, and an F1-score of 90%, ensuring proactive fraud detection. These results confirm the system’s effectiveness in delivering a smart scalable, private, and trustworthy e-voting platform suitable for national and institutional elections.