AI in Healthcare

Abstract

Abstract This chapter explores the transformative role of AI across various dimensions of healthcare, highlighting the interplay between analytical and generative AI in medical imaging, as well as the implications of generative AI in drug discovery and development. It reviews generative AI in the broader framework of P4 medicine—predictive, preventive, personalized, and participatory—and the potential of AI to improve health outcomes, while tackling the rising costs and increased demand for healthcare professionals in aging populations. The requirement for multimodal longitudinal datasets is examined, as well as the challenges around data sparsity and data bias, and the need for data equity. The chapter further evaluates inherent risks and the most relevant aspects of regulation relating to the use of AI in healthcare, personal data protection, and security. In conclusion, the chapter reviews the potential future impact of agentic AI, and technology convergence with robotics, zero-knowledge proofs and blockchain, and quantum computing.