Blockchain Transaction Verification Scheme Based on Vector Commitments

Abstract

Blockchain, with its features of decentralization, immutability and security, has emerged as a revolutionary technology. However, the rapid growth of distributed ledgers leads to escalating storage costs, high transaction verification overhead and low throughput, limiting its scalability in broader applications. To address these challenges, this study proposes a novel blockchain transaction verification scheme, BBVC, specifically designed for smart contracts. BBVC leverages a vector commitment algorithm to generate transaction commitments and introduces a two-layer aggregation technique to compress node state data, facilitating efficient transaction validity proof aggregation and verification. A versioning mechanism is further incorporated to optimize proof update efficiency to sub-linear levels, while a new contract transaction verification logic accelerates transaction processing without compromising security. Experimental results demonstrate that the BBVC scheme maintains a constant proof size of 48 bytes and achieves millisecond-level proof generation and verification for large-scale transactions. Compared to Hyperproofs, BBVC enhances transaction aggregation efficiency by 250 times and verification efficiency by 22.5–27.5 times, significantly advancing blockchain scalability and performance.