Blockchain-Enabled Voluntary Carbon Credit Marketplace for Bangladesh: A Decentralized Solution to Climate Accountability

Abstract

Bangladesh is one of the nations highly vulnerable to climate impacts. It lacks a structured and transparent voluntary carbon market to support the country’s sustainability goals. This paper presents a decentralized blockchain platform designed to enable carbon credit issuance, verification, and trading in accordance with Bangladesh’s pledge to reduce carbon emissions. Using Ethereum smart contracts and MetaMask wallet integration, the system ensures secure and transparent transactions. A Minimum Viable Product (MVP) prototype was developed and tested, demonstrating operations including land registration, carbon credit calculation, and peer-to-peer trading of tokenized credits. The platform features a Next.js frontend, Solidity-based smart contracts, and a registry module to ensure traceable credit ownership. The system combats common challenges in traditional carbon markets, including opacity and fraud risk. Functional evaluations showed reliable performance across use cases, with low gas costs and positive user experience during wallet-based interactions. This work provides a solution for climate finance infrastructure in developing nations. It lays the foundation for regulatory integration, decentralized data storage via InterPlanetary File System (IPFS), and future collaboration with global carbon exchanges.