Application of blockchain encryption algorithm in information system auditing

Abstract

Traditional information system auditing faces severe challenges in data integrity verification and audit transparency. Manual sampling methods are not only inefficient but also vulnerable to data tampering attacks. This paper proposes a blockchain-based auditing framework that integrates SHA-256 hash chains, ECDSA digital signatures, and zero-knowledge proofs to establish a cryptographically secure and tamper-proof auditing environment. The framework employs a three-layer architecture: the data integrity layer uses hash chains to ensure audit records are immutable; the authentication layer uses digital signatures to verify the non-repudiation of evidence; and the privacy layer implements zero-knowledge proofs to protect sensitive data. To verify the framework’s effectiveness, a comprehensive experiment was conducted on a private Ethereum network with five verification nodes, processing 10,000 to 100,000 audit records. The experimental results show a significant performance improvement. Efficiency is improved by $65 \%$, data processing throughput reaches 500 records/second with a response latency of less than 2 seconds, and the average time for hash calculation and digital signature verification is 0.8 milliseconds and 1.2 milliseconds, respectively. Data integrity verification efficiency is improved by $78 \%$ compared with traditional methods, and reliability reaches $99.99 \%$. Comparative experiments show that compared with traditional database-centric auditing systems, the proposed system improves processing throughput by $178 \%$, and reduces manual reconciliation time from 2.5 hours to near real-time. This solution provides a practical, efficient and scalable method for auditing next-generation information systems in enterprise environments.