Design and Evaluation of a Blockchain-Based Framework for Secure and Transparent Digital Voting Systems

Abstract

Encouraging just, secure, and open election processes is a fundamental aspect of any democratic culture. Traditional and even modern electronic voting systems are plagued by persistent issues like the failure to provide anonymity for voters, forgery risks, scalability, and the absence of verifiable trust. This paper proposes a blockchain-based digital voting framework designed to address these systemic limitations by leveraging distributed ledger technology and smart contracts. The proposed solution offers end-to-end verifiability, vote immutability, and decentralized auditing mechanisms through a mobile-accessible platform built on Ethereum using Solidity and Hardhat, with Node.js and React.js for frontend interfacing. Experimental results demonstrate improved system scalability, resistance to tampering, and support for remote voting, while maintaining ballot privacy and affordability. The research also evaluates key performance indicators under various test scenarios, establishing the system’s effectiveness and practical relevance in real-world electoral environments.