What Is Blockchain? A Complete Beginner's Guide From Distributed Ledgers to Smart Contracts -The Definitive Primer on Blockchain Technology

Abstract

Blockchain is a revolutionary technology transforming the digital economy. This research paper provides a comprehensive primer on blockchain technology, covering its architecture, core principles, and applications. We explore the transition from centralized to decentralized systems, the cryptographic foundations of security (SHA-256, Merkle Trees), and the evolution of smart contracts. Additionally, we analyze the impact of blockchain across various industries and its role in the emerging Web3 infrastructure.