Enabling Role of Post-Quantum Secure Multi-Party Private Intersection Protocol in Federated Learning

Abstract

With the rapid development of quantum computing technology, traditional encryption methods face severe security threats in multi-party privacy intersection protocols in federated learning. In this paper, we propose a new protocol based on post-quantum cryptography. Firstly, lattice-based homomorphic encryption and zero-knowledge proof technology are used to achieve key generation and parameter initialization against quantum attacks. Secondly, ciphertext data encoding is carried out to support homomorphic operations. Next, a zero-knowledge proof is used to verify the correctness of the ciphertext intersection calculation. Finally, the protocol is embedded into the federated learning workflow, adaptively adjusting the parameters. Experimental results show that the protocol achieves the NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) security level 3, and the privacy leakage rate is less than 1.2%, the communication and computational costs are controllable, and the protocol does not bring great influence to the accuracy of the federated learning model. The experimental results verify that the protocol can provide a reliable protection for the privacy of federated learning data in the quantum era.