Blockchain-Based Electronic Voting System for Tamper-Proof Elections

Abstract

Blockchain has recently attracted significant attention, particularly for its potential to address major issues in traditional electronic voting such as limited transparency, centralized control, and vulnerability to tampering. In this research, it aimed to design and evaluate a blockchain-based electronic voting system that ensures voter privacy, increases transparency, and can efficiently manage large-scale elections. The proposed system adopts a modular, layered architecture featuring secure voter registration, authenticated vote casting, automated tallying, and public auditing. It operates on a permissioned blockchain, with smart contracts enforcing the necessary rules and validations. To maintain security, the system incorporates public-key encryption, cryptographic hashing, zero-knowledge proofs, and threshold cryptography. This combination guarantees ballot confidentiality, integrity, and non-repudiation for voters. For consensus, the system utilizes Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT). To evaluate performance, the conducted simulations that measured transaction latency, voting throughput, and scalability as participation increased. The findings revealed low latency, consistent throughput, and strong scalability, making the system suitable for both national-scale elections and smaller voting scenarios. In comparison to conventional e-voting platforms, this blockchain-based approach eliminates single points of failure, significantly reduces the risk of vote manipulation, and enables transparent auditing of the election process.