Blockchain-Based Voting System for Transparent and Tamper-Proof Elections in Rwanda

Abstract

This paper presents a comprehensive framework for deploying a blockchain-based electronic voting system in Rwanda to address challenges of transparency, security, and public trust in electoral processes. Through detailed analysis of the current Rwandan electoral infrastructure and limitations, we propose a multilayered blockchain architecture that incorporates advanced cryptographic techniques, a national digital identity framework, and mobile accessibility features tailored to Rwanda's unique socio-economic landscape. Our proposed system leverages permissioned blockchain technology with a hybrid consensus mechanism to ensure the immutability of vote records while maintaining voter privacy through zero-knowledge proofs. The paper further discusses implementation challenges specific to Rwanda's context, including digital literacy (UNESCO, 2019), infrastructure limitations, and regulatory considerations. Our findings suggest that progressive, phased implementation of blockchain voting systems can significantly enhance electoral integrity while maintaining cultural and technological accessibility for Rwanda's diverse population.