T-BLAST: Token-Based Leveraging of Autonomous Spectrum Trading

Abstract

In the era of continuously increasing demand for bandwidth and revolutionary wireless technologies, efficient spectrum management is essential. This paper proposes a novel multi-tier tokenization approach for dynamic spectrum management. Leveraging the concept of heterogeneous tokenization of spectrum bands, we develop a decentralized framework based on blockchain technology that enables the sharing of spectrum among users. The spectrum space is represented by multi-planes, the first plane consists of unique spectrum bands converted into NFTs for long-term allocations, while the second plane involves subdividing these NFT spectrum bands for short-term usage by retail users through fungible tokens. The fungible tokens are dynamically traded and mapped using particle swarm optimization (PSO) to manage demand and supply. The paper presents formal models of the involved entities and algorithms for creating multi-tier tokens, dynamic token trading and demand-supply mapping using PSO. To enhance privacy, a zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) based approach is employed for user authentication. The proposed framework offers a secure, transparent, and scalable solution for spectrum management, addressing the limitations of traditional centralized approaches. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the framework in dynamic spectrum access, while providing privacy-aware and scalable solutions suitable for future wireless networks, including 6G.