FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE: THE ROLE OF CRYPTOGRAPHY IN SECURING BLOCKCHAIN NETWORKS

Abstract

Blockchain technology has evolved from its origins in cryptocurrencies to become a fundamental component of secure digital interactions across diverse sectors, including healthcare, finance, and public administration. This article delves into the theoretical and practical applications of cryptography within blockchain networks, emphasizing key cryptographic functions, algorithms, and protocols such as RSA, elliptic curve cryptography (ECC), and SHA-256. It scrutinizes the use of digital signatures for transaction verification and the crucial role of hash functions in ensuring data integrity. Additionally, the article presents practical examples of symmetric and asymmetric encryption methods, underscoring their significance in maintaining privacy and security. The study also highlights the emerging challenges posed by quantum computing and explores ongoing research in post-quantum cryptography. Furthermore, it provides insights into the advancements in cryptographic techniques essential for the robustness of decentralized networks. By linking theoretical frameworks with practical implementations, this article aims to offer a comprehensive understanding of the cryptographic security measures pivotal for the future of blockchain technology.