State-of-the-art diagnostic and treatment modalities for anxiety and depression

Abstract

Depressive disorder, or depression, is one of the most common psychiatric diseases affecting millions worldwide. Anxiety disorders are also common. Most patients with anxiety refer to general practitioners with the signs of vegetative dysfunction. Anxiety per se occurs in 40% and is associated with depression (mixed anxiety-depressive disorder) IN 26%. Comorbidity of anxiety and depression is relatively high, and the extent of this comorbidity changes with aging. This paper reviews diagnostic and treatment modalities for anxiety and depression. Their diagnosis includes clinical examination and questionnaire. This paper describes Neuro Scanner, an application that includes four scales to diagnose anxiety and depression, i.e., the Veyn Scale, Spielberg Trait Anxiety scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). To date, a large amount of data illustrating a significant genetic, neurobiological, and symptomatic similarity of depression and anxiety has been accumulated. This phenomenon accounts for the efficacy of the same drugs (e.g., antidepressants, anxiolytics, neuroleptics, etc.). KEYWORDS: anxiety, depression, comorbidity, anhedonia, diagnosis, Neuro Scanner, anti-depressants, anxiolytics, cognitive behavioral therapy. FOR CITATION: Kotova O.V., Belyaev A.A., Akarachkova E.S. State-of-the-art diagnostic and treatment modalities for anxiety and depression. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(10):648–653 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-10-648-653.