Precision-Agri: loT-Smart Contract Enables Novel and Secure Supply Chain and Forecasting Architecture for Smart Business Agriculture

Abstract

Agriculture is one of the vital factors in living, social, and economic stability. The current lifecycle of food safety is multifaceted and unsecured as more stakeholders are involved and sharing resources and related information. This poses serious issues for agriculture industries to provide food safety, transparency, industrial-related information integrity, reliability, trustworthiness in the supply chain, and food livestock against the evolving threats growing in Industry 4.0. This chapter bridges these divergences by enabling a mixture of the “Internet of Things” (IoT) and Blockchain-based novel and secure smart business agricultural transparent supply chain and forecasting architecture. Precision Business Agriculture is a blockchain-IoT-enabled FIWARE cloud-based platform to collect current and previous node transactions and deploy them to the hosts&s; analytics modules. In this proposed architecture, participating stakeholders create a public ledger (Ethereum) network to share and agree on distinct supply chain and business agriculture forecasting-related activities before preserving the IoT-Blockchain ledger. We have conceived and created smart (digital) contracts, implemented them using pseudo-algorithms, and represented them through sequence diagrams to handle stakeholders&s; interaction in the supply chain and forecasting process. This proposed solution delivers system integrity, provenance, transparency, preservation, and a robust security mechanism to store immutable agriculture-business-related information in a permissionless hash (SH-256) encrypted IoT-smart contract distributed ledger.