MapChain-D: A Distributed Blockchain for IIoT Data Storage and Communications

Abstract

With the rapid growth of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) devices, managing an extensive volume of IIoT data becomes a significant challenge. While the conventional cloud storage approaches with centralized data centers suffer from high latency for large-scale IIoT data storage due to increased communication and latency overheads, distributed storage frameworks, such as blockchains, have become promising solutions. In this article, we design and analyze a dual-blockchain framework for secure and scalable distributed data management in large-scale IIoT networks. The proposed framework, namedMapChain-D, consists of a data chain that is mapped to an index chain to provide efficient data storage and lookup.MapChain-Dis designed for practical IIoT applications with storage, latency, and communication constraints. Detailed data exchange protocols are presented for data insertion and retrieval operations inMapChain-D. Based on these, theoretical analyses are provided on the space, time, and communication complexities ofMapChain-Dcompared with conventional single-chain frameworks with local and distributed data storage. We implement ourMapChain-Dprototype using open-source LoRaWAN communications with multiple Raspberry Pi and Arduino devices, Kademlia-based distributed hash table, and Ethereum-based blockchain with proof-of-authority consensus. Experimental results from our prototype show thatMapChain-Dis more suitable to be deployed on resource-constrained IIoT devices. We also highlight the scalability and flexibility ofMapChain-Dwith different number of edge nodes in the system.